病例1:男性,14岁,因“突发左腰部疼痛6 h”入院;外院4年前曾诊断先天性肾小管酸中毒(RTA),未坚持服药。查体:身高较同龄人明显偏低,左肾区叩痛,余无异常;泌尿系超声(图1)示左肾集合系统分散(0.8 cm),左输尿管上段结石(0.6 cm×0.4 cm)伴扩张,双肾椎体回声增强,提示肾钙化;静脉肾盂造影(图2)示:双肾散在钙化点,左肾盂未显影;尿常规:pH 7.5、白细胞+、潜血++;镜检:RBC 4~5/HP;生化:血钾3.59 mmol/L、 Case 1: Male, 14 years old, hospitalized for “sudden left lower back pain for 6 h”; 4 years earlier, the hospital diagnosed with congenital renal tubular acidosis (RTA), did not adhere to medication. Physical examination showed that the height of the left kidney was significantly lower than that of the same age, and the left kidney area had percussion pain and no abnormality. Urinary system ultrasound (Fig. 1) showed that the left renal collecting system was scattered (0.8 cm), the left ureteral calculi (0.6 cm × 0.4 cm) With expansion, bilateral echogenic echogenic, suggesting renal calcification; intravenous pyelography (Figure 2) shows: double calcified renal calcification, the left renal pelvis was not developed; urine: pH 7.5, leukocytes +, occult blood ++; Microscopy: RBC 4 ~ 5 / HP; Biochemical: potassium 3.59 mmol / L,