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人类白细胞抗原-G(human leucocyte antigen-G,HLA-G)属于非经典的HLA I类分子,由于其多态性低及限制性组织分布等特点区别于经典的HLA I类分子。通过其mRNA的可变剪接形成7种异构体,包括4种膜结合型及3种可溶型。HLA-G通过受体介导与几乎所有免疫细胞交互作用在先天及适应性免疫时均发挥免疫调节作用。它最初被发现表达于母胎界面的绒毛外滋养层细胞,参与母体对胎儿的耐受,生理情况下HLA-G高表达于一些免疫豁免组织及造血系细胞,病理状态下则异位表达在例如恶性肿瘤、病毒感染及自身免疫性疾病等。本文着重介绍HLA-G的基因及蛋白质表达特点及HLA-G表达水平与不同疾病的关系。
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule that is distinguished from classical HLA class I molecules due to its low polymorphism and restricted tissue distribution. Seven isoforms were formed by alternative splicing of their mRNAs, including four membrane-bound and three soluble forms. HLA-G plays an immunomodulatory role in innate and adaptive immunity through receptor-mediated interactions with almost all immune cells. It was originally found in extravillous trophoblast cells expressed on the maternal-fetal interface and is involved in the maternal tolerance of the fetus. In physiological conditions, HLA-G is highly expressed in some immunosuppressive tissues and hematopoietic cells, and ectopically in ectopic expression in, for example, Malignancies, viral infections and autoimmune diseases. This article focuses on the HLA-G gene and protein expression characteristics and HLA-G expression levels and the relationship between different diseases.