目的了解杭州市余杭区儿童猩红热现状及其影响因素,为开展有效防控提供参考。方法以2013年5月1日—2015年6月30日间,杭州市各级医疗机构报告的本辖区儿童猩红热病例作为病例组,按同班级、同性别选择对照开展猩红热调查,条件Logistic回归分析探讨猩红热病例发病的危险因素。结果猩红热病例接触者感染率为11.48%,感染率最高的为一起玩的同学,感染率为19.00%,其次为邻桌(16.90%)、同桌(11.64%),家人和老师感染率均为0。患过出疹性疾病、与病例在校外经常一起玩耍、与病例床铺相邻或邻桌、与病例同桌均与猩红热发病呈正相关(OR值分别为6.18,6.43,4.69,6.40,P值均<0.01)。结论猩红热病例的同桌、邻桌、邻床及经常一起玩的同学应作为密切接触者进行医学观察和预防性服药。 Objective To understand the present situation of scarlet fever in children in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City and its influencing factors so as to provide reference for effective prevention and control. Methods From May 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015, the cases of children’s scarlet fever reported by medical institutions at all levels in Hangzhou were selected as case group. According to the same class and same sex, the scarlet fever was investigated and compared by conditional Logistic regression analysis To explore the risk factors of scarlet fever cases. Results The infection rate of the scarlet fever patients was 11.48%. The infection rate was the highest among the students who played together. The infection rate was 19.00%, followed by the adjacent table (16.90%), the same table (11.64%), the infection rates of the family members and the teachers 0. Patients with rash disease, often playing with the patient outside the school, adjacent to the table or next to the table, and the same table with the incidence of scarlet fever were positively correlated (OR values ​​were 6.18,6.43,4.69,6.40, P value <0.01). Conclusions Scarlet fever cases at the same table, adjacent table, adjacent bed and often play with the students should be close contact with the medical observation and preventive medication.