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目的了解脑卒中患者的社会支持情况,探讨其影响因素,为进一步有效和有针对性地进行脑卒中患者的健康教育服务提供科学的指导和依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,使用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对中山市某三甲医院神经科2014年1—6月期间住院的脑卒中患者进行现场问卷调查,并使用Epi Data 3.1建立数据库并对数据进行双份录入和整理,使用SPSS 16.0进行数据统计分析。结果共调查脑卒中患者309人,其中男性178人(57.61%),女性131人(42.39%),患者平均年龄为(66.36±11.57)岁;患者社会支持中的客观支持、主观支持、社会支持的利用度、社会支持总得分分别为(8.63±1.54)分、(27.71±2.99)分、(6.69±2.75)分、(43.21±5.04)分,与国内常模相比较,均偏低;5种生活状况状态中独居的客观支持度最低。4种健康自评状况中状况不好的客观支持度最低,70岁以上、未婚、独居、居住在县城和健康自评状况不好者主观支持度较低,居住在城区、收入水平在1 000~3 000元/月者社会支持利用度较低,未婚、独居、居住在城郊、健康状况自评不好及收入水平在1 000元/月以下者社会支持总分较低;社会支持影响因素的多因素分析结果显示居住状况、收入水平和健康自评状况是影响脑卒中患者社会支持的主要因素。结论应以社区卫生服务机构为主体,为患者营造良好的社会支持环境,并建立系统科学的脑卒中健康教育体系,提高患者的生活质量。
Objective To understand the social support of stroke patients and to explore the influencing factors so as to provide scientific guidance and basis for further effective and targeted health education services for stroke patients. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a field survey of stroke patients admitted to the neurology department of a top three hospital in Zhongshan City from January to June 2014 using the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Epi Data 3.1 was used to establish a database The data were double entry and sorting, the use of SPSS 16.0 for statistical analysis of data. Results A total of 309 stroke patients were investigated, including 178 males (57.61%) and 131 females (42.39%), with a mean age of (66.36 ± 11.57) years; objective support, subjective support and social support (8.63 ± 1.54) points, (27.71 ± 2.99) points, (6.69 ± 2.75) points and (43.21 ± 5.04) points respectively, all of which were lower than the national norm; 5 The objective support of living alone in the state of living is the lowest. The four objective self-assessment of health conditions, the poor state of the objective support the lowest, 70 years of age, unmarried, living alone, living in the county and the health of self-evaluation is not good, subjective support is low, living in urban areas, the income level of 1 000 3 000 yuan per month, low social support, unmarried, living alone, living in the suburbs, poor self-evaluation of health status and a low income of 1 000 yuan / month lower total social support; social support factors The results of multivariate analysis showed that living status, income level and health self-evaluation status were the main factors affecting the social support of stroke patients. Conclusion Community health service agencies should be the main body to create a good social support environment for patients and to establish a systematic science stroke health education system to improve the quality of life of patients.