膀胱结石据其病因可分作三类:原发性、潴留性和异物性。原发性结石在儿童常见,常无梗阻、感染等诱因,但与饮食中缺乏牛奶或多种蛋白质有关。继发性结石多发生于成年人且与梗阻、憩室,感染及尿潴留有关。膀胱结石常由尿酸、鸟粪石、磷酸钙或草酸钙构成。尿酸结石可透X 线或稍不透X 线,常为小块多个;周围呈刺状的结石有时见于草酸钙结石;鸟粪石和磷酸钙作石常表现为层状。膀胱憩室可使尿液在此潴留、感染又得以发展 Bladder stones according to their causes can be divided into three categories: primary, retention and foreign body. Primary stones are common in children, often without obstruction, infection and other incentives, but the lack of diet or milk or a variety of proteins. Secondary stones occur mostly in adults and with obstruction, diverticulum, infection and urinary retention related. Bladder stones are often composed of uric acid, struvite, calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate. Uric acid stones may be through the X-ray or slightly opaque X-ray, often more than a small piece; around the thorns-like stones are sometimes found in calcium oxalate stones; struvite and calcium phosphate for the stone often showed layered. Bladder diverticulum urine can be retained here, the infection has been developed