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在第一讲里,我们介绍了地质力学的内容、特点、基本观点、研究现状和今后面临的任务。本讲着重谈谈地质力学在实际工作中的基本工作方法。主要从以下三个方面分别介绍。一、结构面的概念及其分类大家熟知,由于地壳的运动,给我们留下了极其复杂的地质现象。对自然界复杂的地质构造现象,怎样研究它们呢?怎样才能找出它们之间的内在联系和成生规律呢? 地质力学,从运动的观点出发,认为,虽然自然界的褶皱、断层、节理等地质现象复杂多样,但它们都是岩层、岩体在地壳运动的影响下,由于地应力的长期作用而产生的各种各样的永久形变的形象和相对位移而遗留下来的踪迹。这些形象和踪迹,统称为构造形迹(也叫结构要素)。
In the first talk, we introduced the content, characteristics, basic ideas, research status and future tasks of geomechanics. This talk focuses on the basic work methods of geomechanics in practical work. Mainly from the following three aspects are introduced. First, the concept of structural plane and its classification As we all know, due to the crustal movement, left us an extremely complex geological phenomenon. Geological mechanics, from the point of view of exercise, that, although the nature of the folds, faults, joints and other geological aspects of the geological structure of nature, how to study them? How can we find out the internal relations between them and the law of birth? They are all complex and diverse phenomena. However, they are all the traces left by the images and relative displacements of rock formations and rock mass under the influence of crustal movement due to the long-term effect of ground stress. These images and traces, collectively referred to as the structural footprint (also known as structural elements).