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通过连续3年的冬小麦 夏玉米轮作试验研究高肥力土壤的供氮能力。结果表明,在本试验的高肥力土壤上,存在土壤供氮能力随时间延长而下降的趋势。但在连续3年3个轮作周期6季作物生长过程中,土壤都保持了较高的供氮能力,其中夏玉米季高于冬小麦季,不施氮处理在冬小麦季的相对产量保持在46%～76%,夏玉米季为69%～81%,轮作周期中土壤氮素的表观矿化量为125～184kg hm2,而供氮能力为123～190kg hm2。在考虑土壤供氮能力的基础上,基于土壤植株测试的氮肥优化管理,在连续6季作物中较大幅度地降低了氮肥用量,但却获得了同传统施氮处理一致的产量,保持了较低的土壤无机氮残留量,避免了过量施氮对环境的不良影响。
Through three consecutive years of winter wheat and summer maize rotation test to study the nitrogen fertility of high-fertility soil. The results showed that in the high-fertile soil in this experiment, there was a tendency that soil nitrogen availability decreased with time. However, during the six-season crop growth cycle with 3 rotation periods of 3 years, the soil maintained a high nitrogen-supplying capacity. The summer maize season was higher than the winter wheat season, and the relative yield of winter wheat without nitrogen application remained at 46% ~ 76%, summer maize season is 69% ~ 81%, and the apparent mineralization amount of soil nitrogen is 125 ~ 184kg hm2 and nitrogen supply capacity is 123 ~ 190kg hm2 in the rotation cycle. On the basis of considering the capacity of soil nitrogen supply, the optimized management of nitrogen fertilizer based on soil plant testing reduced the amount of nitrogen fertilizer drastically in six consecutive seasons but achieved the same yield as that of conventional nitrogen treatment, Low soil inorganic nitrogen residues, to avoid excessive nitrogen pollution on the environment.