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目的探讨本地小儿流行性乙型脑炎的流行病学特点及预防重点。方法对2002年至2011年86例乙型脑炎患儿的流行病学特点、临床诊治及预防接种情况进行分析总结。结果按时全程预防接种者4例(4.65%),未预防接种者14例(16.28%),只部分预防接种者68例(79.07%)。家住农村、蚊虫多、人畜共居者80例(93.02%),城市居民6例(6.98%)。治疗后治愈56例(65.11%),好转24例(27.91%),死亡、放弃治疗6例(6.98%)。其中32例(37.21%)有后遗症,多为失语、瘫痪、精神失常。结论农村卫生条件差,预防接种率不高,农村小儿的发病率仍较高。做好农村的乙型脑炎预防工作尤其重要。应在农村推广按时预防接种,实行人畜分居,搞好居住环境卫生,提高人们的防病灭蚊意识,从而降低乙型脑炎的发病率。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and prevention of local Japanese encephalitis in children. Methods The epidemiological characteristics, clinical diagnosis, treatment and vaccination of 86 cases of Japanese encephalitis from 2002 to 2011 were analyzed and summarized. Results Four patients (4.65%) were vaccinated in time, 14 (16.28%) were uninfected and 68 (79.07%) were vaccinated only partially. Living in rural areas, mosquitoes and more people living in 80 cases (93.02%), urban residents in 6 cases (6.98%). After treatment, 56 cases were cured (65.11%), 24 cases improved (27.91%), and 6 cases (6.98%) were given up for treatment. Among them, 32 cases (37.21%) had sequelae, mostly aphasia, paralysis and mental disorders. Conclusion Poor health conditions in rural areas, vaccination rate is not high, the incidence of rural children is still high. To do a good job in prevention of Japanese encephalitis in rural areas is particularly important. Promote timely vaccination in rural areas, the implementation of separation of people and livestock, improve living environment, improve people’s awareness of anti-mosquito control, thereby reducing the incidence of Japanese encephalitis.