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关于人类意识(尤其视觉意识)的研究越来越多,其中包括各种实验范式(如掩蔽、双眼竞争、注意瞬脱、变化视盲等)与研究方法(如行为实验、ERP以及fMRI).本文主要对使用ERP(事件相关电位)技术考察视觉意识的研究进行综述,并对视觉意识相关的ERP成分进行简要介绍.众多研究发现,主要有3个ERP成分与视觉意识相关,即P1,“视觉意识负波”(VAN,刺激呈现大约200ms之后出现的一个负波)和晚期正成分(LP)或者P3(刺激呈现大约300ms之后出现的正成分).在这3个成分上,意识到的刺激都比未意识到的刺激所诱发波形的波幅更大.本文简要介绍了一些相关研究,并从不同注意成分与意识的关系、C1成分与意识、高层次意识的ERP研究、影响视觉意识时间进程的因素等角度,对未来的研究方向提出了一些设想.
There are more and more researches on human consciousness (especially visual consciousness), including various experimental paradigms (such as masking, binocular competition, attention to instantaneous changes, blindness of change) and research methods (such as behavioral experiments, ERP and fMRI). This paper mainly reviews the research on visual awareness using ERP (Event Related Potential) technology, and briefly introduces the ERP components related to visual awareness.Many studies have found that there are three main ERP components related to visual awareness, namely P1, “VAN,” a negative wave appearing after about 200ms of stimulation, and a late positive component (LP) or P3 (a positive component of the stimulus appearing after about 300ms.) On these three components, awareness To the stimulus than the unnoticed stimulus induced wave amplitude greater.This article briefly introduces some related research, and from the different attention components and the relationship between the consciousness, C1 components and awareness, ERP research on high-level awareness, the impact of vision Awareness of the time course of the factors such as perspective on the future research put forward some ideas.