本文用ＩＫ抗酸染色和免疫组化染色等方法对４９例前列腺增生症进行了研究。结果发现：４９例前列腺增生症中，３０例（６１２％）抗酸菌Ｌ型阳性，其中前列腺增生症Ｉ型中抗酸菌Ｌ型检出率最高（８３３％）；６０％抗酸菌Ｌ型主要分布于前列腺上皮细胞浆内，其中４３３％腺上皮细胞呈空泡样变性，颇似凹空样细胞；抗酸菌Ｌ型阳性病例中前列腺间质内炎细胞浸润明显高于Ｌ型阴性病例，Ｐ＜００２５。提示抗酸菌Ｌ型感染不仅是引起前列腺间质炎症反应的重要原因，炎症过程中可产生的活性物质可能也是导致前列腺增生不可忽视的原因之一。 In this paper, IK acid-fast staining and immunohistochemical staining of 49 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia were studied. The results showed that among the 49 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 30 (612%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli, of which L-type positive rate was 833% in benign prostatic hyperplasia type I (833%), 60% L-type acid-fast bacterium mainly distributed in the plasma of prostatic epithelial cells, in which 433% of glandular epithelial cells showed vacuolar degeneration, similar to concave-like cells; acid-fast bacilli L-positive cases of interstitial infiltration of prostatic cells Significantly higher than the L-negative cases, P <0  025. It is suggested that L-type infection of acid-fast bacilli is not only the important cause of interstitial inflammatory reaction in prostate, but also the active substance that may be produced in the process of inflammation may be one of the reasons that lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia.