语言理论研究的兴起和发展大体上决定于两方面的因素:第一,如何认识作为语言学研究对象的语言;第二,语言研究和科学发展思潮的关系。语言学的研究对象自然是语言,但语言研究面对的是什么样的语言,不同的时期却有不同的认识。简单地说,自古至今这方面大体上经历了三个不同的时期:第一,书面语,一第二,个人方言,第三,社会方言,而认识上的这种变化又与科学发展思潮相联系。我们可以以此为线索讨论语言理论研究的发展。一以书面语为研究对象的语言研究基本上属于语文学的范畴,主要的特点是语言研究为其他学科服务,缺乏独立性。严格地说,它还没有成为语言学。但是,现代语言学就是以语文学为基础发展起来的,我们的讨论也只能从这里开始。语文学有三大传统:希腊—罗马、印度和中国的小学。希腊—罗马传统,宽泛地 The rise and development of linguistics research generally depends on two factors: first, how to understand the language as the object of linguistics; and second, the relationship between linguistic research and the trend of scientific development. The linguistic object of study is of course the language, but what kind of language does the linguistic research face? Different ages have different understandings. To put it simply, there have been three different periods in general in the history of ancient times: first, written language, second language, personal dialect, third language and social dialect, which, in turn, are linked to the trend of scientific development . We can use this as a clue to discuss the development of linguistic theory research. A study of written language for the study of language basically belongs to the category of Chinese literature, the main feature of which is that language research serves other disciplines and lacks independence. Strictly speaking, it has not yet become linguistics. However, modern linguistics is based on the development of Chinese literature, our discussion can only be from here. There are three major traditions of language: Greece - primary schools in Rome, India and China. Greek-Roman tradition, broadly