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小儿机体的特点是新陈代谢快,含水份多,液体交换速度快,身体体表面积大,而调节水和电解质平衡的机制较差,保持水份的能力有限,故容易发生水和电解质代谢紊乱。中毒性消化不良时通过腹泻、呕吐,大量水份、电解质排出体外,很容易造成液体及电解质紊乱,若不及时作出适当处理,往往会引起严重后果,甚至死亡。故正确地掌握液体疗法,经常是决定疗效最重要的一个因素。脱水性质及其水、电解质紊乱情况体液分为细胞内液和细胞外液。前者占体重40-50％或为总体液的2/3,后者占体重20—25％或为体液的1/3。水在内、外二区间可自由渗透,使二区的溶质浓度相等,各为300毫渗透分子/升。细胞内液电解质以钾、磷为主,细胞外液电解质以钠、氯为主,并含有一定浓度的钾,以调节神经肌肉系统活动的功
Children’s body is characterized by fast metabolism, moisture content, liquid exchange speed, the body surface area, and adjust the water and electrolyte balance mechanism is poor, the ability to maintain water is limited, it is prone to water and electrolyte metabolism disorder. Toxic indigestion through diarrhea, vomiting, large amounts of water, electrolytes excreted, it is likely to cause fluid and electrolyte disorders, if not properly handled in time, often lead to serious consequences, and even death. Therefore, the proper mastery of fluid therapy is often the most important factor in determining efficacy. Dehydration nature and water, electrolyte disorders Body fluid into intracellular and extracellular fluid. The former accounts for 40-50% of body weight or 2/3 of total fluid, the latter 20-25% of body weight or 1/3 of body fluid. Water inside and outside the second interval can be freely infiltrated, so that the two regions of the solute concentration equal to 300 milliamperes per liter / liter. Intracellular fluid electrolytes to potassium, phosphorus-based, extracellular fluid electrolytes to sodium, chlorine-based, and contains a certain concentration of potassium to regulate neuromuscular system activity