人类社会正在从工业化社会向信息社会转变,信息在经济建设和社会未来的发展中显得越来越重要。计算机具备对输入信息进行自动存贮、变换、加工和输出有用信息的基本功能。而且,计算机在构成网络后还具备进行通信的能力。但是,对于输入的信息数据的采集,计算机还得借助于各种传感器。从智能化机械的拟“人”说法,传感器相当于人体的视、听、触、温、嗅、味等感官。概括地说,传感器就是能高灵敏度感受一种信息形态并将其变换成另一种信息形态(通常是电)的装置。传感器的主要性能指标是灵敏度。一般地传感器可划分为三个组成部分,即敏感部分、传感部分和检测部分。 Human society is changing from an industrialized society to an information society, and information becomes more and more important in the economic development and the future development of society. The computer has the basic functions of automatically storing, transforming, processing and outputting useful information to the input information. Moreover, computers also have the ability to communicate after they form a network. However, for the collection of input information data, the computer has to resort to various sensors. From intelligent machinery to be “people” argument, the sensor is equivalent to the human body’s vision, hearing, touch, temperature, smell, taste and other senses. Broadly speaking, a sensor is a device that senses one information form with high sensitivity and transforms it into another information form (usually electricity). The main performance sensor is the sensitivity. In general the sensor can be divided into three components, namely sensitive part, sensing part and detecting part.