在摩擦学的研究中,表面状态是一个核心问题.表面的几何形状、粗糙程度以及参与摩擦运动的材质对摩擦和磨损的影响属于宏观的范畴,本文不再涉及.这里讨论的是摩擦表面的原子本质,特别是接触过程中粘附的微观过程及表面状态对摩擦过程的影响. 由于超高真空系统及各种表面分析仪器 In the study of tribology, the surface state is a key issue.The geometry of the surface, the roughness and the effect of the material involved in the frictional movement on the friction and wear belong to the macroscopic category and are not covered in this article. The nature of the atom, in particular the microscopic process of adhesion during the contact and the effect of the surface condition on the rubbing process.As ultra-high vacuum systems and various surface analysis instruments