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大坝对洪水的削弱作用和大坝面对洪水时的风险是本文讨论的两个主题。中国成功和高效地进行了大坝建设,正在引领世界上该领域的发展。本文致力于研究其他国家的相关经验、从数个世纪以来的事故中获得的教训以及新的解决方案。按照坝高、库容、筑坝材料和泄洪数据对洪水灾害进行分析,结果表明,多数重大事故发生于库容超过10 hm~3的土石坝。新的解决方案对大坝安全和防洪来说都具有良好的前景。
The damaging effects of dams on floods and the risks of dams when faced with floods are the two topics discussed in this article. China successfully and efficiently constructed the dam and is leading the development in this area in the world. This article focuses on relevant experiences in other countries, lessons learned from centuries-old accidents, and new solutions. Flood disasters were analyzed according to dam height, storage capacity, dam materials and flood discharge data. The results showed that most of the major accidents occurred in earth dam with a capacity of over 10 hm ~ 3. The new solution has good prospects for dam safety and flood control.