分析仪器传统的设计思想是通过提高部件性能来保证仪器的性能。本文从改善仪器系统功能的角度出发,提出了与这一传统设计思想不同的闭环设计思想。它允许部件,甚至是关键的部件(如检测器等)的性能不一定特别优良,而仪器则可以达到极好的稳定性。采用的方法是通过非成份信息综合误差信号的反馈作用,自动调整系统的传递函数,使输出稳定。文章应用反馈系统理论,叙述了闭环式仪器的误差量和反馈环的设计原则,并对其稳定度及失控现象作了初步分析。同时,对闭环设计方法的应用局限性等问题也进行了一些探讨。最 The traditional design philosophy of analytical instruments is to ensure the performance of the instrument by improving the performance of the part. In this paper, from the point of view of improving the function of instrument system, a closed-loop design idea different from the traditional design idea is proposed. It allows components, even critical components (such as detectors, etc.) not necessarily particularly good performance, while the instrument can achieve excellent stability. The method adopted is to feedback the synthesis error signal of non-component information and automatically adjust the transfer function of the system so that the output is stable. The article applies the feedback system theory, describes the error of the closed-loop instrument and the design principle of the feedback loop, and makes a preliminary analysis of its stability and out of control. At the same time, the application of closed-loop design methods and other issues are also discussed. most