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目的对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与儿童气质关系的分析,了解ADHD患儿的气质,为ADHD的诊断及治疗提供主要的参考。同时也为预防ADHD提供帮助。方法①病例组是45例已确诊为ADHD的患儿,对照组是45例正常儿童。②使用Conner’s父母量表、行为方式问卷(BSQ)、小学儿童气质量表(MCTQ)分别评定两组儿童的多动指数、气质特性。③比较两组儿童的气质特性的差异,分析气质特性与ADHD的相关性。结果①9种气质特性中与ADHD显著相关的高活动性、高注意分散和低持久性,相关系数分别是0.531,0.387和0.494,P﹤0.05。②ADHD组和对照组中有高活动性、高注意分散和低持久性等气质特性的儿童比例分别是42%和12%,P﹤0.05。结论与正常儿童比较,ADHD患儿有明显的不同的气质特性,而它的稳定性和可变性,决定了它是可改变的,故而改变家庭环境不良因素,可能会有利于ADHD的治疗及预防。
Objective To analyze the relationship between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children’s temperament and understand the temperament of children with ADHD, providing the main reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. It also helps prevent ADHD. Methods ① The case group was 45 children diagnosed with ADHD, while the control group was 45 normal children. ② The Conner’s Parents Scale, Behavior Mode Questionnaire (BSQ), and Primary School Children’s Mood Scale (MCTQ) were used to assess the hyperactivity and temperament characteristics of the two groups. ③ Comparison of temperament characteristics of two groups of children, temperament characteristics and ADHD analysis. Results ① Among the 9 temperament traits, there were significant correlations with high ADHD, high attentional distraction and low persistence. The correlation coefficients were 0.531, 0.387 and 0.494, respectively, P <0.05. ② The proportions of children with high activity, high attentional dispersion and low persistence in ADHD group and control group were 42% and 12%, respectively, P <0.05. Conclusion Compared with normal children, children with ADHD have obvious different temperament characteristics, but its stability and variability determine that it can be changed. Therefore, changing the adverse factors of family environment may be beneficial to the treatment and prevention of ADHD .