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乡村治理主体作为乡村参与主体和决策主体,是乡村治理中最重要的部分。中国乡村治理经历了皇权、宗族和乡绅共存的治理、国家权力为主体的治理和村民治理。虽然中国乡村治理发生了范式转变,但由于长期以来制度的安排,村民作为自治主体并没有得到足够的尊重,其法律地位没有明确授权。因此,首先要从制度上明确现代乡村治理主体是村民,同时从法律上界定村民的资格,从而使乡村治理变成村民治理,真正实现乡村民主。
As the main body of rural participation and the main body of decision-making, the main body of rural governance is the most important part of rural governance. Chinese village governance has undergone the coexistence of imperial power, clan and squire, the governance of state power and the governance of villagers. Although the paradigm shift has taken place in China’s rural governance, due to the institutional arrangements for a long time, villagers have not gained enough respect as autonomous subjects and their legal status has not been explicitly authorized. Therefore, it is first necessary to make clear from the system that the main body of modern village governance is the villager, and at the same time define the qualifications of the villagers legally so that the rural governance can be turned into the governance of villagers and the real realization of rural democracy.