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目的评价社区儿童接种b型流行性感冒嗜血杆菌[Haemophilus Influenzae(Hi)Type b,Hib]结合疫苗的免疫效果。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法分为疫苗接种组与非疫苗接种(对照)组,用细菌培养法、巢式聚合酶链反应检测两组儿童Hi携带状况,分析Hi携带率及下呼吸道疾病罹患率。结果两组儿童Hib携带率均较低;对照组未定型Hi阳性率显著高于接种组,以2～3岁尤为明显;各年龄组中对照组儿童支气管炎罹患率均显著高于接种组,Hib结合疫苗对儿童支气管炎发病的保护效果>90%;对照组中Hi培养阳性者气管炎发病显著高于Hi培养阴性者。结论儿童支气管炎的发病与Hi携带率高有关,接种Hib疫苗后导致Hi携带率下降以及支气管炎发病减少。
Objective To evaluate the immunological effects of community-based vaccination with Haemophilus Influenzae (Hi) Type b, Hib vaccine in community-based children. Methods The prospective cohort study was divided into vaccinated group and non-vaccinated group. Bacterial culture and nested polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the Hi-carrying status of children in both groups. The prevalence rate of Hi and lower respiratory tract disease were analyzed . Results The Hib carrier rate was lower in both groups. The positive rate of untreated Hi in the control group was significantly higher than that in the vaccinated group, especially in 2 to 3 years. The incidence of bronchitis in control group was significantly higher than that in vaccinated group in all age groups, The protective effect of Hib conjugate vaccine on the incidence of bronchitis in children was> 90%. The incidence of bronchitis in Hi-positive group was significantly higher than that in Hi-negative group in the control group. Conclusions The incidence of childhood bronchitis is associated with a high rate of Hi carriage. Hib vaccination results in a decrease in the rate of Hi carriage and a decrease in the incidence of bronchitis.