在江苏省高淳县和安徽省绩溪县两地同时进行中华绒螯蟹长江种群和辽河种群二龄成蟹生长比较试验。①在同一饲养环境里 ,4— 9月 ,两种群间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。②长江蟹比辽河蟹生长期长一个月 ,长江蟹 1 0月底出池 ,故其商品蟹体重大于 9月底出池时辽河蟹体重 (P <0 0 5 )。③长江蟹成活率高于辽河蟹 (P <0 0 1 )。④两种群的雄性个体都大于雌性个体 (P <0 0 1 ) ;但雌、雄差异明显增大的时间是 ,辽河蟹始于 7、8月份 ,长江蟹始于 8、9月份。⑤在绩溪山区池塘低温和饵料贫乏的生态环境中 ,两种群的生长、成活率都比在高淳平原池塘的较好生态环境下低 (P <0 0 1 )。种群与环境、性别与环境的交互作用都极显著 (P <0 0 1 )。在优良环境中 ,长江种群的生长优势和两种群内雄性的生长优势才能得到发挥 In both Gaochun County of Jiangsu Province and Jixi County of Anhui Province, comparative experiments were conducted on the growth of crab population of Yangtze Eriocheir sinensis population and Liaohe population at the second instar. ① In the same breeding environment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05) from September to September. ② Yangtze River crabs grew more than Liao River crabs for one month. Yangtze River crabs tended to be out of ponds at the end of October. Therefore, the body weight of commercial crabs was larger than that of Liaohe River crabs (P <0.05) at the end of September. ③ The survival rate of Yangtze River crab was higher than that of Liaohe Crab (P <0.01). ④ The two groups of male individuals are larger than the female individual (P <0.01); but the difference between the male and female significantly increased time is Liaohe crabs began in July and August, the Yangtze River crabs began in August and September. ⑤ The growth and survival rates of the two populations were lower than those in the good ecological environment of the Gaochun plain ponds in the low temperature and poor dietary environment of the ponds in Jixi Mountainous Region (P <0.01). The interactions between population and environment, gender and environment were significant (P <0.01). In the fine environment, the growth advantage of the Yangtze River population and the growth advantage of the two groups of males to be able to play