苏联石油出口量居世界第二位,仅次于沙特阿拉伯,1979年达15,400万吨。除东欧外,西欧国家是苏联石油出口的主要对象。七十年代以来,苏联对西欧出口石油增加很快。特别是1973年西方爆发能源危机,国际市场油价大涨,苏联趁机增加对西方国家的石油出口,1974年出口量不到4,000万吨,1975年增加到5,300万吨,1976年达5,900万吨,到1979年更增加到6,920万吨。苏联为什么要向西欧出口石油呢?首先是要换取外汇。苏联每年要从经济发达的西方国家进口大量机器、设备以至粮食、原料(约占苏联进口总额的60％),苏联能够 Soviet oil exports ranked second in the world after Saudi Arabia, reaching 154 million tons in 1979. In addition to Eastern Europe, Western European countries are the main targets of Soviet oil exports. Since the 1970s, the Soviet Union’s oil exports to Western Europe increased rapidly. In particular, in the wake of the energy crisis in the West in 1973 and the soaring oil prices in the international market, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to increase its oil exports to western countries by less than 40 million tons in 1974, 53 million tons in 1975 and 59 million tons in 1976, By 1979 it increased to 69.2 million tons. Why did the Soviet Union export oil to Western Europe? The first is to exchange foreign exchange. Every year, the Soviet Union imports large quantities of machinery and equipment as well as grain and raw materials (about 60% of the Soviet Union’s total imports) from economically developed western countries. The Soviet Union can