Background The Fc receptor associated pathway might improve the immune responses against hepatitis B virus (HBV) as previously described by us.In addition,the Flt3 ligand (FL) has been reported to potentiate antigen presenting cells in vivo and may act as a potential adjuvant to boost antigen-specific immune responses.In this study,the immune efficacies of a set of fusion proteins of HBsAg and Fc and/or FL were evaluated in HBsAg transgenic mice.Methods The fusion proteins composed of HBsAg and the Fc domain of murine IgG1 (HBsAg-Fc) and/or the Flt3 ligand,and yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg were used as immunogen to immunize HBsAg transgenic mice,respectively.Serum and liver HBsAg levels,serum anti-HBsAg and cytokine profile,and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/AST were investigated after immunization.Results After six injections,the most pronounced decrease in serum and liver HBsAg levels was observed in the HBsAg-Fc immunized group.In addition,serum Th1 cytokines and ALT/AST activities were highest in this group,indicating an effective induction of a favorable cellular immune response.Interestingly,the fusion protein containing HBsAg-Fc and the Flt3 ligand stimulated an altative Th1-type immune response featured with high level productions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) and monocyte chemoabstractant protein 1 (MCP-1),causing a more severe cytotoxicity in hepatocytes while showed less effective in reducing serum HBsAg level.Conclusion HBsAg-Fc is effective in eliciting both the humoral and cellular immune responses against HBsAg in HBsAg transgenic mice,which makes it a potential immunogen for the immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B.