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心房颤动是最常见的心律失常，随着年龄增加其发病率逐渐升高；慢性肾脏病患者中，心房颤动的发病率明显高于一般人群，且心房颤动合并慢性肾脏病的脑卒中率和病死率也明显增高。慢性肾脏病中心房颤动的高发生率主要与慢性炎症、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统异常激活、钙磷代谢紊乱等相关。因其脑卒中高发生率，抗凝治疗仍是目前关注的焦点，抗凝药物种类和剂量的选择需紧密结合临床，综合衡量其风险效益。“,”Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia and has an increase with prevalence corresponding to an increase in advanced age .The prevalence of AF further increases in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD) ,with stroke and mortality rates also sig-nificantly higher .The pathophysiological mechanisms are chronic inflammation , aberrant activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorder in patients with AF and CKD .Due to its high incidence of strokes ,anticoagulation therapy is still the main focus of attention .The anticoagulant drug types and doses should be based on clinical conditions and comprehensives measures of risk effectiveness .