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目的研究北京市昌平区农村生活饮用水污染状况及常见微生物分布情况,为我国生活饮用水国家标准的修订、完善提供基础数据,从而保障农村居民生活饮水安全。方法 2016年5-8月采集北京市昌平区75个自然村自备井的水源管网末梢水和出厂水,共计105份水样,进行菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌、霉菌和酵母、铜绿假单胞菌、克罗诺杆菌、粪链球菌、嗜水气单胞菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌等微生物的检测。结果昌平区农村生活饮用水菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和大肠埃希菌检测合格率分别为96.19%(101/105)、70.48%(74/105)、87.62%(92/105)和89.52%(94/105),四项指标总合格率为68.57%(72/105),其他微生物检出率为67.62%(71/105),主要为铜绿假单胞菌35.24%(37/105)。结论北京市昌平农村地区自备井生活饮用水存在微生物污染问题,除《生活饮用水卫生标准》中规定的微生物指示菌污染外,还有铜绿假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌及不动杆菌等污染,因此除加强我国国家标准中规定微生物指示菌污染控制外,也要加强其他可能有致病性的水源性微生物控制,以减少水源性传染病的暴发和流行。
Objective To study the status of drinking water pollution and the distribution of common microorganisms in rural areas in Changping District, Beijing, and to provide basic data for the revision and perfection of national drinking water standards in our country so as to ensure the safety of rural residents drinking water. Methods From May to August 2016, a total of 105 water samples were collected from the water source pipelines and water supply of 75 self-owned wells in Changping District of Beijing. The total number of colony, total coliforms, heat-resistant coliforms, large intestine Escherichia coli, mold and yeast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cronobacter, Streptococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. Results The detection rates of drinking water colony, total coliforms, heat-resistant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in rural areas in Changping District were 96.19% (101/105), 70.48% (74/105) and 87.62% (92%) respectively / 105) and 89.52% (94/105) respectively. The overall pass rate of the four indicators was 68.57% (72/105), the detection rate of other microorganisms was 67.62% (71/105), mainly 35.24% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (37/105). Conclusions There is microbial contamination in self-prepared drinking water in Changping rural area of Beijing. In addition to the microbial contamination of microorganisms as stipulated in the Sanitary Standard for Drinking-water, there are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter and other pollution, so in addition to strengthening the national standard of microbial contamination of microorganisms in our control, but also to strengthen other pathogenic microorganisms may control the water source to reduce the outbreak of epidemic and epidemic of water-borne diseases.