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科学主义认为历史和自然科学过程是一样的,不承认人的作用;人文主义认为,历史是人的理性活动,却无视历史事实的客观存在。这不仅导致西方史学的不同走向;而且中国史学界亦深受其影响,在相当长时期内,在许多重大问题上误入了歧途,阻碍了历史的研究和发展。唯物论吸取了科学主义和人文主义的合理成分,既承认历史的规律性,又肯定了人在历史研究中的作用。认为历史学是科学,又是艺术。因而,唯物论才是指导历史研究的科学方法论。
Scientism holds that history is the same as the process of natural science, and does not recognize the role of human beings. Humanism holds that history is a rational activity of human beings but ignores the objective existence of historical facts. This not only led to different orientations of Western historiography, but also influenced by Chinese historians. For quite some time, many major issues have gone astray and hindered the study and development of history. Materialism absorbs the rational elements of scientism and humanism, acknowledges both the regularity of history and the role of man in historical research. Think of history as science, but also art. Therefore, materialism is the scientific methodology that guides historical research.