自1793年英国马戛尔尼使团来华开始的西方列强与清廷的外交礼仪冲突一直不断,其原因是多方面的,根源却是中西文化传统与价值观念的差异。毋庸讳言,中外交往之初,清朝统治者存在着唯我独尊的高傲心态,无国家平等之理念,更不可能采用平等的外交礼仪。但是,清廷所坚持的外交礼仪与 The conflict between Western powers started by the Macanese delegation in China and the Qing court in 1793 has always been in conflict with the Qing court for many reasons. The root causes are the differences between Chinese and Western cultural traditions and values. Needless to say, since the beginning of the Sino-foreign exchange, the Qing rulers have the arrogance of self-gratification, no national equality concept, and even less the possibility of adopting equal diplomatic manners. However, the Qing court upholds diplomatic etiquette and