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undertake （undertook， undertaken）
vt. 着手，从事，承担；承诺，答应
undertake a task/project/responsibility 承担一个任务/项目/责任
undertake to do sth 同意、答应做某事
undertake for sth 为……负责
The company will undertake a full investigation into the accident.
公司将对这次事故进行全面调查。
He undertook to pay the money back to me within three months.
他答应三个月之内还我钱。
I’ll undertake for your security.
我将保证你的安全。
He undertook that he would finish the work by Friday.
他保证在周五以前完成工作。
例1 The forty-storey building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have .
A. obtained B. undertaken
C. accumulated D. applied
解析 B。obtain获得，赢得；undertake从事，承担，答应；accumulate积累，聚集；apply申请，应用。只有undertaken有承担某项任务之意，句意为“这幢40层的大楼是他们承建的最具挑战的工程项目之一”。
object
vi. 反对，不赞成
n. 实物；目的；对象
objection n. 反对；厌恶
object to sb/sth 反对，不赞成某人/某事
object to （sb/sb’s） doing sth 反对（某人）做某事
raise an objection to （doing） sth 对……提出异议
have/make an objection to （doing） sth 对……表示反对
I object to the plan because it costs too much.
我反对这个提议，因为它费用太高。
He strongly objects to being treated like a child.
他强烈反对被当作孩子一样对待。
I feel a strong objection to getting up early.
我极不愿意早起。
例2 The greatest _________ to living in the center of the city is the constant noise and pollution.
A. objection B. advantage
C. drawback D. hardship
解析 C。objection不赞成，反对，异议；advantage优点，长处；drawback缺点，不利条件；hardship苦难，困苦。就居住条件而言，噪音和污染对某个地方来说只能是缺点、劣势，而不是艰难困苦，所以此题选drawback而不是hardship。句意：居住在市中心的最大缺点就是不断的噪音和污染。
forbid
vt. （forbade/forbad， forbidden） 禁止；反对
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
forbid sb （from doing） sth 禁止某人（做）某事
Our school forbids students to smoke.
我们学校不允许学生吸烟。
The new law forbids smoking in offices.
新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
例3 Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself， but her parents did not _________her to do so.
A. forbid B. allow
C. approve D. admit
解析 B。forbid禁止，不准；allow允许；approve 赞成，同意； admit承认，允许进入、接纳。“玛丽想一个人去周游世界”，but意味着后一句是转折意，所以父母的态度应该是不同意，只有did not allow意思合适。
owe
vt. 欠（钱、物、债等）；应当给予
owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe... to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb that... 多亏某人帮忙……
owing to=because of 因为，由于
Don’t forget you still owe 150 yuan to the wine shop. 别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。
He owes his success to hard work and practice.
他把成功归功于努力工作和实践。
I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。
Owing to the rain， they could not come.
由于下雨，他们不能来了。
例4 He is a successful businessman， but he _________his success more to luck than to ability.
A. attaches B. adapts
C. owes D. fastens
解析 C。attach系上、缚上，附加；adapt使适应，改变；fasten系牢，拴紧，使固定。owe... to...把……归功于……，句意为“他是一个成功的商人，但是他把成功归功于运气而不是能力”，因此选C。
bother
vt. 打扰
vi. 操心
n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
bother with/about sth 为某事烦恼
bother sb about/with sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
Don’t bother with that trifling matter.
别为那件小事烦恼。
I’m sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion.
很抱歉这这种时候问你这么多问题。
It bothers me that teachers always give us too much homework.
令我烦恼的是老师总是布置很多家庭作业给我们做。
Please don’t put me to any bother now.
请你不要给我添乱。
辨析
bother 指干扰别人的正常生活和工作使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。
disturb 指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。
trouble 常指失去平静，感到忧虑、苦恼或给人在行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。
annoy 通常指重复性的行为使（别人）生气。常用被动式，表示为某事烦恼、生气。
I don’t want to bother you with my problems.
我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。
What’s troubling you-money problems？
什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗？
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇一直在烦我。
They were charged with disturbing public peace.
他们被指控扰乱社会治安。
例5 I have spent many hours mending that radio for him， but he bought one this morning. I needn’t have _________to do so.
A. wasted B. expected
C. helped D. bothered
解析 D。expect意味“期望，指望”，不合句意。help to do sth意味帮助某人做某事，前一句说“我”花几个小时为他修理收音机，修理这一行为完全是“我”一个人完成的，所以“我”是help him by mending that radio，而不是help him to mend that radio。没有waste to do这种用法。所以本题选D。
associate
vt. 联想，联系
n. 同伴，伙伴
accociation n.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
associate sb/sth with sb/sth 把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……
be associated with... 和……有关
associate with sb 与某人交往或常打交道
I’ve never associated you with this place.
我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。
I wouldn’t want to be associated with Mickey’s project.
我不想和米奇的计划有任何瓜葛。
Don’t associate with dishonest boys.
不要结交不诚实的孩子。
例6 As far as the American children know， the Christmas is _________ with excitement， happiness and gifts.
A.associated B.distinguished
C.rewarded D.satisfied 解析 A。distinguish 显示……的差别，使……有所不同；reward报答，回报；satisfy使满足，使满意。选A，句意为“对于美国的孩子来说，圣诞节是与兴奋、幸福和礼物连在一起的”。
pay
pay off 得到好结果，取得成功；还
pay money for sth 付钱买……
pay for sth 支付……的费用；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay back 还钱，报复
They paid off their debt after ten years.
十年后他们还清了债务。
You’ll have to pay for your carelessness.
你得为你的粗心付出代价。
They took a hell of a risk but it paid off.
他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。
get through
打通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）；克服（困难）
I couldn’t get through to her because her phone was busy all day.
她的电话整天占线，因此我没能联系上她。
Believe in yourself！ You’ll get through this problem.
相信自己！你会克服这个困难。
I’ll go out with you as long as I get through this work.
我一完成这项工作就和你出去。
We were very glad that you had got through your exam.
我们很高兴你考试通过了。
例8 — It’s a good idea，but who’s going to_________the plan？
— I think Tom and Grey will.
A. get through B. go through
C. carry out D. set aside
解析 C。句意：这是一个好主意，但是由谁来执行计划呢？只有carry out有执行计划之意。
1. I don’t want him to suffer but he _________. What are some natural ways to relieve headaches？ （object）
我不希望他受病痛折磨，但是他不愿意服药。有什么自然的方法来缓解头疼吗？
2. We have no objection to the idea _________ in public places. （forbid）
我们对这个观点没有异议，即公共场所应该禁止吸烟。
3. He always says that he_________the support of his family. （owe）
他常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。
4._________is that he seems to take no interest in his study. （bother）
最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对学习毫无兴趣。
5. He wished to forget everything_________his former life and start a new life. （associate）
他希望忘记跟过去的生活有关的一切东西，开始新的生活。
6. Much to my relief， my efforts at last_________. （pay）
令我欣慰的是，我的努力最后获得了回报。
7. It is the first time that he _________the sufferings in his life. （go）
这是他第一次经历这样的苦难。
1. objects to taking medicine
2. that smoking should be forbidden
3. owes his success to
4. What bothers me most
5. （that is） associated with
6. paid off
7. has gone through
vt. 着手，从事，承担；承诺，答应
undertake a task/project/responsibility 承担一个任务/项目/责任
undertake to do sth 同意、答应做某事
undertake for sth 为……负责
The company will undertake a full investigation into the accident.
公司将对这次事故进行全面调查。
He undertook to pay the money back to me within three months.
他答应三个月之内还我钱。
I’ll undertake for your security.
我将保证你的安全。
He undertook that he would finish the work by Friday.
他保证在周五以前完成工作。
例1 The forty-storey building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have .
A. obtained B. undertaken
C. accumulated D. applied
解析 B。obtain获得，赢得；undertake从事，承担，答应；accumulate积累，聚集；apply申请，应用。只有undertaken有承担某项任务之意，句意为“这幢40层的大楼是他们承建的最具挑战的工程项目之一”。
object
vi. 反对，不赞成
n. 实物；目的；对象
objection n. 反对；厌恶
object to sb/sth 反对，不赞成某人/某事
object to （sb/sb’s） doing sth 反对（某人）做某事
raise an objection to （doing） sth 对……提出异议
have/make an objection to （doing） sth 对……表示反对
I object to the plan because it costs too much.
我反对这个提议，因为它费用太高。
He strongly objects to being treated like a child.
他强烈反对被当作孩子一样对待。
I feel a strong objection to getting up early.
我极不愿意早起。
例2 The greatest _________ to living in the center of the city is the constant noise and pollution.
A. objection B. advantage
C. drawback D. hardship
解析 C。objection不赞成，反对，异议；advantage优点，长处；drawback缺点，不利条件；hardship苦难，困苦。就居住条件而言，噪音和污染对某个地方来说只能是缺点、劣势，而不是艰难困苦，所以此题选drawback而不是hardship。句意：居住在市中心的最大缺点就是不断的噪音和污染。
forbid
vt. （forbade/forbad， forbidden） 禁止；反对
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
forbid sb （from doing） sth 禁止某人（做）某事
Our school forbids students to smoke.
我们学校不允许学生吸烟。
The new law forbids smoking in offices.
新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
例3 Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself， but her parents did not _________her to do so.
A. forbid B. allow
C. approve D. admit
解析 B。forbid禁止，不准；allow允许；approve 赞成，同意； admit承认，允许进入、接纳。“玛丽想一个人去周游世界”，but意味着后一句是转折意，所以父母的态度应该是不同意，只有did not allow意思合适。
owe
vt. 欠（钱、物、债等）；应当给予
owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe... to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb that... 多亏某人帮忙……
owing to=because of 因为，由于
Don’t forget you still owe 150 yuan to the wine shop. 别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。
He owes his success to hard work and practice.
他把成功归功于努力工作和实践。
I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。
Owing to the rain， they could not come.
由于下雨，他们不能来了。
例4 He is a successful businessman， but he _________his success more to luck than to ability.
A. attaches B. adapts
C. owes D. fastens
解析 C。attach系上、缚上，附加；adapt使适应，改变；fasten系牢，拴紧，使固定。owe... to...把……归功于……，句意为“他是一个成功的商人，但是他把成功归功于运气而不是能力”，因此选C。
bother
vt. 打扰
vi. 操心
n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
bother with/about sth 为某事烦恼
bother sb about/with sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
Don’t bother with that trifling matter.
别为那件小事烦恼。
I’m sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion.
很抱歉这这种时候问你这么多问题。
It bothers me that teachers always give us too much homework.
令我烦恼的是老师总是布置很多家庭作业给我们做。
Please don’t put me to any bother now.
请你不要给我添乱。
辨析
bother 指干扰别人的正常生活和工作使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。
disturb 指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。
trouble 常指失去平静，感到忧虑、苦恼或给人在行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。
annoy 通常指重复性的行为使（别人）生气。常用被动式，表示为某事烦恼、生气。
I don’t want to bother you with my problems.
我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。
What’s troubling you-money problems？
什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗？
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇一直在烦我。
They were charged with disturbing public peace.
他们被指控扰乱社会治安。
例5 I have spent many hours mending that radio for him， but he bought one this morning. I needn’t have _________to do so.
A. wasted B. expected
C. helped D. bothered
解析 D。expect意味“期望，指望”，不合句意。help to do sth意味帮助某人做某事，前一句说“我”花几个小时为他修理收音机，修理这一行为完全是“我”一个人完成的，所以“我”是help him by mending that radio，而不是help him to mend that radio。没有waste to do这种用法。所以本题选D。
associate
vt. 联想，联系
n. 同伴，伙伴
accociation n.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
associate sb/sth with sb/sth 把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……
be associated with... 和……有关
associate with sb 与某人交往或常打交道
I’ve never associated you with this place.
我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。
I wouldn’t want to be associated with Mickey’s project.
我不想和米奇的计划有任何瓜葛。
Don’t associate with dishonest boys.
不要结交不诚实的孩子。
例6 As far as the American children know， the Christmas is _________ with excitement， happiness and gifts.
A.associated B.distinguished
C.rewarded D.satisfied 解析 A。distinguish 显示……的差别，使……有所不同；reward报答，回报；satisfy使满足，使满意。选A，句意为“对于美国的孩子来说，圣诞节是与兴奋、幸福和礼物连在一起的”。
pay
pay off 得到好结果，取得成功；还
pay money for sth 付钱买……
pay for sth 支付……的费用；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay back 还钱，报复
They paid off their debt after ten years.
十年后他们还清了债务。
You’ll have to pay for your carelessness.
你得为你的粗心付出代价。
They took a hell of a risk but it paid off.
他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。
get through
打通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）；克服（困难）
I couldn’t get through to her because her phone was busy all day.
她的电话整天占线，因此我没能联系上她。
Believe in yourself！ You’ll get through this problem.
相信自己！你会克服这个困难。
I’ll go out with you as long as I get through this work.
我一完成这项工作就和你出去。
We were very glad that you had got through your exam.
我们很高兴你考试通过了。
例8 — It’s a good idea，but who’s going to_________the plan？
— I think Tom and Grey will.
A. get through B. go through
C. carry out D. set aside
解析 C。句意：这是一个好主意，但是由谁来执行计划呢？只有carry out有执行计划之意。
1. I don’t want him to suffer but he _________. What are some natural ways to relieve headaches？ （object）
我不希望他受病痛折磨，但是他不愿意服药。有什么自然的方法来缓解头疼吗？
2. We have no objection to the idea _________ in public places. （forbid）
我们对这个观点没有异议，即公共场所应该禁止吸烟。
3. He always says that he_________the support of his family. （owe）
他常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。
4._________is that he seems to take no interest in his study. （bother）
最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对学习毫无兴趣。
5. He wished to forget everything_________his former life and start a new life. （associate）
他希望忘记跟过去的生活有关的一切东西，开始新的生活。
6. Much to my relief， my efforts at last_________. （pay）
令我欣慰的是，我的努力最后获得了回报。
7. It is the first time that he _________the sufferings in his life. （go）
这是他第一次经历这样的苦难。
1. objects to taking medicine
2. that smoking should be forbidden
3. owes his success to
4. What bothers me most
5. （that is） associated with
6. paid off
7. has gone through