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目的:探讨静脉吸毒者和不洁性交者等高危人群HIV自愿咨询与检测在艾滋病预防与关怀中作用。方法:用金标法和ELISA法免费为高危人群进行HIV初筛检测,并对受检者进行检测前和检测后咨询,宣传艾滋病防治知识。结果:HIV阳性率0.9%(6/653);静脉吸毒者丙型肝炎感染率24.5%(76/310),乙型肝炎感染率18.4%(57/310);不洁性交者梅毒感染率7.3%(27/372),淋病感染率9.1%(34/372),尖锐湿疣感染率10.5%(39/372),生殖器疱疹感染率12.4%(46/372);对艾滋病一般知识正确率48.2%(315/653),传播途径正确率61.4%(401/653),非传播途径正确率35.4%(231/653),对待艾滋病病人的态度正确率为49.6%(324/653)。结论:自愿咨询检测、低价针具销售和美沙酮维持治疗控制毒品滥用、推广安全套的使用、健康教育、行为干预和婚前咨询检查等综合性措施可有效降低HIV感染的发生率和再传播风险。
Objective: To explore the role of HIV voluntary counseling and testing in HIV / AIDS prevention and care among high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users and impure sex workers. Methods: The gold standard method and ELISA method for free HIV screening for high-risk groups, and the subjects before and after testing counseling, awareness of AIDS prevention and control. Results: The positive rate of HIV was 0.9% (6/653). The positive rate of hepatitis C infection was 24.5% (76/310) and the rate of hepatitis B infection was 18.4% (57/310) (27/372), gonorrhea infection rate was 9.1% (34/372), condyloma acuminatum infection rate was 10.5% (39/372), genital herpes infection rate was 12.4% (46/372), AIDS general knowledge accuracy rate was 48.2% (315/653), the correct rate of transmission was 61.4% (401/653), and the correct rate of non-transmission was 35.4% (231/653). The correct attitude towards AIDS patients was 49.6% (324/653). Conclusion: Comprehensive measures such as voluntary counseling and testing, sales of low-priced needles and methadone maintenance treatment to control drug abuse, promotion of condom use, health education, behavioral interventions and premarital counseling and testing can effectively reduce the incidence of HIV infection and the risk of retransmission.