以环洞庭湖区平湖旱地为研究区域,采用田间原位监测方法,通过设置常规施肥(N375kg/hm2和P67.5kg/hm2)、减量10%、20%、30%和不施肥对照处理,研究了不同施肥条件对棉花植株发育性状、产量以及土壤氮磷迁移的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,减量施肥会不同程度地减少棉花蕾数、果枝长度,降低株高,而增加花铃期铃数和吐絮初期的成熟铃数;NP减量10%-30%棉花产量会降低3.4%-7.0%,但上述各指标统计差异均不显著(p>0.05)。常规施肥处理地表径流磷含量较高,范围值0.059mg/L-0.139mg/L,其形态主要以无机磷为主;土壤溶液中总氮含量在22.57mg/L-51.99mg/L之间,远远超过不施肥处理。减量施肥可显著降低硝态氮、有机氮、有机磷的流失,而对铵态氮以及无机磷的影响不明显。因此,在目前土壤肥力水平下,NP减量10%-30%对棉花生育性状及产量无显著影响,同时可以有效控制农田氮磷的迁移流失量。 Taking the Pinghu dryland in the Dongting Lake area as the research area, field monitoring was used to study the effects of conventional fertilization (N375kg / hm2 and P67.5kg / hm2), 10%, 20%, 30% Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Plant Development Traits, Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Movements in Soil. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, reduced fertilization could reduce cotton bud number, fruit branch length and plant height to some extent, but increase boll number at boll stage and mature boll number in initial bolting stage; NP decrement 10% -30 % Cotton production will be reduced by 3.4% -7.0%, but there is no significant difference between the above indexes (p> 0.05). The content of phosphorus in surface runoff of conventional fertilization treatment was high, ranging from 0.059mg / L to 0.139mg / L, and the main forms were inorganic phosphorus. The total nitrogen content in soil solution ranged from 22.57mg / L to 51.99mg / L, Far more than no fertilization treatment. Reducing fertilization can significantly reduce the loss of nitrate nitrogen, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus, while the impact on ammonium nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus is not obvious. Therefore, under the current soil fertility level, NP reduction of 10% -30% has no significant effect on the growth traits and yield of cotton, and can effectively control the amount of loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland.