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英国经济学家亚当·斯密在《原富》一书中,详细讨论了政府如何以守夜为天职。按照他的论述,政府的职能主要有三项。一是保护本国社会的安全,使之不受其他独立社会的暴行与侵略;二是保护人民,不使社会中任何人受其他人的欺负或者压迫,换言之,就是设立一个严正的司法行政机构;三是建立并维持某些公共机关和公共工程。他还认为,满足“经济人”的最好途径就是经济自由,而政府只能当好“守夜人”。
Adam Smith, a British economist, discusses in detail the government’s vigilant duty to keep vigil in the book The Former Frugal. According to his account, there are three main functions of the government. One is to protect the security of its own society from the atrocities and aggressions of other independent societies; 2 it is to protect the people and not to bully or oppress anyone in the society by others; in other words, to establish a solemn judicial administrative body; Third, establish and maintain certain public institutions and public works projects. He also believes that the best way to satisfy “economic man ” is economic freedom, and the government can only be a “watchman.”