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正常人肾脏滤过心输出量的25％左右,流经肾脏的血浆约滤出20％。滤过过程主要依靠流体静力压和肾小球毛细血管膜的通透性。正常情况下,分子量4万以下的血浆蛋白可透过肾小球毛细血管膜,但其中大部分为肾小管重吸收。故正常人尿液中也有微量蛋白,每日排泄量约为20—80毫克,平均40毫克,主要为分子量4—9万的血浆蛋白,其中60％为白蛋白。蛋白质排泄量超过150—250毫克/天时,称为蛋白尿,主要是肾小球毛细血管膜通透性增加,使血浆蛋白漏出增多。另有人证实近曲小管出口附近的蛋白浓度比入口部低100倍,所以蛋白尿可能与肾小球无关,而为肾小管(主要是近曲小管)对正常滤过的低分子量蛋白质重吸收减少所致。
Normal renal filtration output of about 25% of the heart, the plasma flow through the kidney about 20%. Filtering mainly rely on hydrostatic pressure and glomerular capillary membrane permeability. Under normal circumstances, the molecular weight of less than 40,000 plasma proteins through the glomerular capillary membrane, but most of the tubular reabsorption. Therefore, normal urine also trace protein, daily excretion of about 20-80 mg, an average of 40 mg, mainly for the molecular weight of 4-9 million plasma proteins, of which 60% of albumin. Protein excretion of more than 150-250 mg / day, known as proteinuria, mainly glomerular capillary membrane permeability increased plasma protein leakage increased. Others have demonstrated that protein concentration near the proximal convoluted tubule is 100 times lower than that at the portal, so proteinuria may be unrelated to glomerulus and diminished reabsorption of normally filtered, low molecular weight proteins by the renal tubules (mostly proximal convoluted tubules) Due.