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本文概述了石油形成、成熟和运移研究中的最新进展.不同的油气源岩形成烃类的潜能取决于干酪根的类型.除了典型的Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类以外,还研究了残余的、氧化的有机质,这些有机质不可能产烃.一般认为煤是可能的气源岩,但是有一些煤同样可以形成相当数量的石油.日常分析手段,尤其是热解技术的发展使我们可以编绘地球化学曲线,以此为基础筛选试样和解释其它分析资料.在光学技术中,主要讨论的课题是无定形有机质的特征(这类有机质可能包含了不同化学类型的干酪根)及镜质体反射率技术对Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类干酪根的适用性.当鉴定沉积物和原油中的生物标志化合物取得重要进展后,它们可应用于对比油一油源岩,有人提出可以将其用于恢复沉积环境及演化历史.目前对烃类运移的认识也更加深了一步,人们普遍认识到烃相运移的重要性.孔隙流体的剩余压力是石油排驱的主要动力.盆地演化的地质模式(下降、压实、热历史)和地化模式(烃类形成及运移)逐渐得到应用.未来石油勘探重大进展之一肯定是将这两个模式结合起来,形成一个综合模式.
This article provides an overview of recent advances in the field of petroleum formation, maturation and migration. The potential for different hydrocarbon source rocks to form hydrocarbons depends on the type of kerogen. In addition to the typical class I, class II and class III, residual Oxidized organic matter, which is unlikely to produce hydrocarbons. It is generally believed that coal is a potential gas source rock, but some coal can also form a considerable amount of oil. The development of routine analytical techniques, especially pyrolysis techniques, allows us to Geochemical curves are plotted as a basis for screening samples and interpreting other analytical data. In optical technology, the main topics discussed are the characteristics of amorphous organic matter (such organic matter may include kerogen of different chemical types) and vitrinite Applicability of body reflectivity techniques to Class I and II kerogens. While important advances have been made in the identification of biomarker compounds in sediments and crude oils, they can be applied to oil-source rocks in contrast to those proposed for use in Restore the sedimentary environment and evolution history.Currently, the understanding of hydrocarbon migration is one step deeper and it is generally recognized that the hydrocarbon migration is important.The residual pressure of pore fluid The main driving force of petroleum drainage is the force.The geological models of basin evolution (descent, compaction, thermal history) and geochemical patterns (hydrocarbon formation and migration) are gradually being applied.One of the major advances in petroleum exploration in the future is to confirm this The two modes combine to form a comprehensive model.