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磷酸酯类聚合物具有生物可降解及生物相容性的优点。分子中的磷以五价状态存在,其化学结构具有多样性和可设计性,容易进行化学修饰和功能化,因此该类聚合物的物理化学性质容易调节。由于磷酸酯类聚合物在药物控制释放、基因载体及组织工程等众多领域具有广阔的应用前景,因此近年来引起越来越多科研工作者的关注。其中,应用最广泛的是磷酸乙二酯类聚合物。本文围绕磷酸乙二酯类聚合物的结构特征,简单介绍了一系列磷酸乙二酯单体及其聚合物的合成方法。此外,根据近年来国内外的研究新成果,以几种具有代表性拓扑结构的磷酸乙二酯类聚合物为例,阐述了它们在药物装载、基因工程和组织工程等生物医学领域的应用。最后本文结合磷酸乙二酯类聚合物的优异性能,展望了其在生命科学领域的发展前景。
Phosphate esters have the advantage of being biodegradable and biocompatible. Phosphorus in the molecule exists in a pentavalent state, and its chemical structure is diversified and designed, and is easily chemically modified and functionalized. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of such polymers are easily adjusted. In recent years, more and more researchers are concerned about the phosphate-based polymers have broad application prospects in many fields such as controlled release of drugs, gene carriers and tissue engineering. Among them, the most widely used is ethylene phosphate ester polymer. In this paper, a series of synthesis methods of ethylene phosphite monomer and its polymers are briefly introduced in view of the structural characteristics of ethylene phosphite. In addition, based on the new research results at home and abroad in recent years, several representative phosphoglycellide-based polymers have been used as examples to illustrate their application in biomedicine such as drug loading, genetic engineering and tissue engineering. Finally, combined with the excellent performance of phospho-ethylene-glycol-based polymers, the prospects for its development in the field of life science are prospected.