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利用杂种优势原理,通过单杂交对长白山乌天麻与红天麻进行正反交试验,并对不同杂交种的性状表现做对比筛选,结果表明:长白山乌天麻在与两个种源的亲本红天麻杂交中,杂种麻一代种子的箭麻产量、白麻产量和总产量显著、极显著或高于亲本自交种子产量;四个组合杂交种的总产量均具有超亲优势,其中:长白山乌天麻与陕西汉中红天麻之间的杂交组合为最优亲本组合,杂种麻一代的平均总产量超过母本118.66%,超过父本10.18%,天麻素含量为0.42%。杂种麻二代持续增产,未出现退化现象。杂种麻遗传了双亲的优良性状,充分体现了双亲优良基因的互补作用;杂种种子发芽力强、时间早,产量高,抗寒能力强,商品麻外观性状优良。
Based on the principle of heterosis, the reciprocal crosses were conducted between the plants of C. crispus and C. tibetanus in Changbai Mountain by single hybridization. The characters of different hybrids were compared and screened. The results showed that: , The yield of Jatropha curcas, the yield and the total yield of white hemp were significantly higher than those of the selfed seed of hybrid Maize. The total yield of the four hybrids had super-parents’ superiority. Among them, The hybrid combination between H. pipiens in Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province was the optimal parental combination. The average total yield of the hybrids was 118.66% of the female parent, 10.18% of the male parent and 0.42% of the gastrodin. Hybrid Ma II continued to increase production, there is no degradation phenomenon. Hybrid hemp inherited the fine traits of parents, which fully demonstrated the complementarity of the parents’ excellent genes. The hybrid seeds had strong germination ability, early time, high yield, strong cold resistance and good appearance of commercial hemp.