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全球化条件下急剧变化的经济结构给不同的社会群体带来冲击,一项关于一群生活在美国后工业化城镇中的中学生的前后跨度为15年的民族志追踪研究,揭示了如何从日常生活实践的角度理解阶级变迁过程,以及在去工业化时期,失去原有工作的白人工人群体如何在特定的社会结构与历史条件下,将自身重塑为一个独特的阶层。全球化时代的阶级重构过程与性别关系以及族群身份认同等因素之间存在极其错综复杂的关联。只有将社会群体置于具体的历史条件以及相邻群体关系中考察,才能深刻理解这些过程,这就是构图式分析法(compo-sitional study)。这一研究思路应当适用于不同国家与背景下的社会人群研究,而在全球化过程中受益的新兴国家如印度和中国开展类似研究,尤为重要。
The rapidly changing economic fabric under globalization has created an impact on different social groups. A 15-year ethnographic follow-up study of a group of middle school students living in post-industrialized towns in the United States revealed how to practice from daily life From the perspective of class transition, and how the white workers who have lost their original jobs during the industrialization period will remodel themselves into a unique class under certain social structures and historical conditions. There is an extremely intricate relationship between the process of class restructuring in the age of globalization and gender relations and ethnic identities. Only by placing social groups in specific historical conditions and examining the relations among neighboring groups can we profoundly understand these processes. This is the compo-sitional study. This research idea should be applied to study of social groups in different countries and contexts. It is especially important for emerging countries such as India and China that benefit from globalization to carry out similar researches.