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本文根据大量的资料和笔者多年来从事杨树育种研究工作的实践,介绍了我国杨树育种研究的现状。虽然我国起步较晚,但进展很快。50、60年代,是以速生为主要目标的研究阶段,选育成功并推广的有北京杨、群众杨、合作杨等;70年代是以选择速生兼顾抗病为目标的阶段,这一时期选育出的无性系有中林46号、28号、23号等,生长速度均超过沙兰杨、路伊莎等;第三阶段是以抗病兼顾速生为目标的80年代,如我所选育的鲁×山、山×哈、圣×山等,不但抗病虫、而且速生,其胸径生长超过沙兰杨26.5％～81.0％。同时提出了杨树育种研究的发展方向:①提高杨树育种研究的技术和手段,加强生物工程研究;②单一追求速生目标已不适应我国国情的需要,而是加强各种抗性抗源研究并进行杂交育种研究;③国内外专家提出不再营造纯无性系林,而营造混合无性系片林,以减少病虫害的发生,应重视集团和组合选择的杨树育种方向。
Based on a large amount of data and the author’s practice of poplar breeding research for many years, this paper introduces the current situation of poplar breeding in our country. Although our country started late, progress is fast. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was a fast-growing research phase. The successful breeding and popularization of Beijing Poplar, Populace Populace, Cooperative Populace and so on. In the 1970s, the goal was to choose both quick and good health and disease resistance. This period Clones have been nurtured Zhonglin No. 46, No. 28, No. 23, the growth rate of more than Sallam, Luisa, etc .; the third stage is to take the disease-resistant fast-paced as the goal of the 1980s, as I selected Lu Xishan, Hill × Kazakhstan, St. × Hill, etc., not only resistant to pests and diseases, but also fast-growing, the diameter growth of more than 26.5% Chayandon ~ 81.0%. At the same time, the development direction of poplar breeding research was put forward: (1) to improve the techniques and means of poplar breeding research and to strengthen the bioengineering research; (2) the single pursuit of fast growing target has not met the needs of our country’s national conditions, And carry out crossbreeding research; (3) Domestic and foreign experts proposed not to create pure clonal forest, and to create mixed clonal forest, in order to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, we should pay attention to the poplar breeding direction selected by the group and combination.