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胸腺是Ｔ淋巴细胞分化发育的场所，胸腺微环境由胸腺基质细胞、细胞外基质和细胞因子等构成。在胸腺基质细胞中，上皮细胞最多，分布最广。上皮细胞的分化、成熟和增殖依赖于胸腺内发育阶段的各Ｔ细胞亚群。位于胸腺内不同区域的基质细胞在Ｔ细胞发育的不同阶段起重要作用。血胸屏障是胸腺微环境中一个特殊结构，前Ｔ细胞可通过粘附分子，在趋化因子等作用下穿过血胸屏障进入胸腺，在胸腺内完成其分化发育过程。
Thymus is a place where T lymphocytes differentiate and develop. Thymus microenvironment consists of thymus stromal cells, extracellular matrix and cytokines. In thymic stromal cells, the most epithelial cells, the most widely distributed. Differentiation, maturation and proliferation of epithelial cells depend on subsets of T cells in the thymus during their developmental stages. Stromal cells located in different regions of the thymus play an important role in different stages of T cell development. The hemoblast barrier is a special structure in the thymus microenvironment. Pre-T cells can enter the thymus through the hemoblast barrier under the action of chemokines and the like and adhere to the former T cells to complete their differentiation and development in the thymus.