目的:探究神经外科术后产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）肺炎克雷伯菌感染的风险因素。方法:收集2012年1月至2019年5月在某医院接受神经外科手术后感染肺炎克雷伯菌的患者病历资料。选取15个临床变量，通过多因素Logistic分析患者术后感染的风险因素。结果:72例术后感染患者中，共分离出肺炎克雷伯菌菌株91株，其中产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌42株。多因素Logistic分析显示，呼吸机的使用[（n OR（95%n CI）=20.627（2.795~152.233）]和开颅手术[n OR（95%n CI）=13.658（1.618~115.298）]是神经外科术后产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌感染的独立风险因素。n 结论:神经外科术后产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌感染可导致严重后果，呼吸机的使用和开颅手术作为其独立风险因素，应予重视。“,”Objective:To explore the risk factors of post-neurosurgical infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing n Klebsiella pneumonia.n Methods:Clinical data of patients confirmed post-neurosurgical infection with n Klebsiella pneumonia in one hospital from January 2012 to May 2019 was collected. A total of 15 clinical variables were extracted and evaluated to find the risk factors of postoperative infection by multivariate Logistic analysis.n Results:There were 91 strains of n Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from 72 patients with post-neurosurgical infection, including 42 strains of ESBLs producing n Klebsiella pneumoniae. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that use of ventilator (n OR=20.627, 95%n CI: 2.795-152.233) and craniotomy (n OR=13.658, 95%n CI: 1.618-115.298) were independent risk factors that caused infection after neurosurgery induced by ESBLs producing n Klebsiella pneumoniae.n Conclusions:Postoperative infection induced by ESBLs producing n Klebsiella pneumoniae may lead to serious consequences. As the independent risk factors of the infection, use of ventilator and craniotomy should be paid attention clinically.n