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北冰洋及其周围的陆架海资源十分丰富,尤其是油气和煤炭。但受自然条件的限制,调查程度很低,许多地质与构造问题还没有查清。区域构造的认识主要依赖航磁测量结果。本文综合各国对北冰洋地区地质构造的研究现状,得出如下基本认识:①欧亚海盆磁条带清晰,对海盆构造和演化历史认识争议最小,识别的最老磁条带为25,因此海盆大致于58 Ma开始张开。磁条带13之后,Yermak高地与莫里斯·杰塞普隆起分离,欧亚海盆与北大西洋连通。②从地壳结构与地壳厚度,以及其他资料来看,阿尔法海岭-门捷列夫海岭与罗蒙诺索夫海岭一样,应为陆壳,可能是先后从巴伦支陆架裂离形成的。③马卡罗夫海盆为典型的洋壳,其形成方式和时代还有待查明,其中有专家认为是在晚赛诺曼期一早始新世,随阿尔法海岭-门捷列夫海岭裂离巴伦支陆架,海底扩张形成,并随Gakkel扩张中心在晚古新世的形成而逐步衰退。④加拿大海盆可能是北冰洋最早形成的海盆,但其形成时间与机制至今仍所知甚少,可能是从140～135 Ma至95～80 Ma,随新西伯利亚-楚科奇-阿拉斯加微板块旋转裂离加拿大北部陆缘形成。
The Arctic Ocean and its surrounding shelf sea resources are very rich, especially oil and gas and coal. However, due to the restriction of natural conditions, the investigation level is very low and many geological and structural problems have not been identified yet. The understanding of regional structure depends mainly on aeromagnetic measurements. Based on the current research on the geological structure of the Arctic Ocean in various countries, the following basic understandings are obtained: ① The Eurasian basin has a clear magnetic stripe with the least controversy over the history and evolution of the basin. The oldest known magnetic stripe is 25, Opening at 58 Ma. After the magnetic stripe 13, the Yermak Heights separated from Maurice Jessup, and the Eurasian basin connected with the North Atlantic Ocean. From the crustal structure and crustal thickness, and other data, the Alpha Ridge-Mendeleev Ridge, like the Lomonosov Ridge, should be a continental crust, probably formed by the successive detachment from the Barents Shelf. (3) The Makarov Basin is a typical oceanic crust. Its formation and era have yet to be identified. Some experts think it was an Early Eocene during the Norman period in the Late Pleistocene. With the departure of the Alpha Ridge-Mendeleev Ridge The expansion of the Seabed Shelf, the seafloor, formed and declined gradually as the Gakkel expansion center formed in the Late Paleocene. (4) The Canadian basin may be the earliest sea basin formed by the Arctic Ocean, but its formation time and mechanism are still poorly understood. It may be from 140 to 135 Ma to 95 to 80 Ma with the rotation of the Novosiberia-Chukotka-Alaska plate Formed from the continental margin of northern Canada.