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目的对蚌埠医学院第一附属医院2003—2013年学龄前儿童气管异物发生情况进行分析,为预防小儿气管异物的发生提供科学依据。方法收集蚌埠医学院第一附属医院2003—2013年气管异物患者资料,采用病案分析研究方法,分析不同年份、年龄以及城乡学龄前儿童气管异物的发生情况。结果本次研究共纳入样本1 118例,其中男童734例(65.65%),女童384例(34.35%),男童发生气管异物的例数高于女童(χ2=109.57,P<0.01);城市学龄前儿童190例(17.05%),县乡928例(82.95%)(χ2=487.16,P<0.01)。气管异物主要发生在3岁及以下儿童(914例,81.76%),高于3岁以上儿童(χ2=768.12,P<0.01)。异物种类主要为瓜子(55.73%)和花生(27.86%)。自2007年以来,蚌埠市学龄前儿童气管异物发生呈逐年下降趋势(χ2=145.78,P<0.01)。结论蚌埠市学龄前儿童气管异物发生情况呈逐年下降趋势,男童、3岁以下儿童和农村儿童是避免气管异物发生所需要重点关注的对象。
Objective To analyze the incidence of tracheal foreign bodies in preschool children in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2003 to 2013, and provide a scientific basis for preventing the occurrence of tracheal foreign bodies in children. Methods The data of patients with tracheal foreign bodies in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2003 to 2013 were collected. The case analysis methods were used to analyze the incidence of tracheal foreign bodies in different years, ages and urban-rural preschool children. Results A total of 1 118 samples were included in this study, including 734 boys (65.65%) and 384 girls (34.35%). The incidence of tracheal foreign bodies in boys was higher than that in girls (χ2 = 109.57, P <0.01). There were 190 preschool children (17.05%) in urban area and 928 (82.95%) in county and township (χ2 = 487.16, P <0.01). Tracheal foreign bodies mainly occurred in children 3 years of age and younger (914 cases, 81.76%), higher than children over 3 years old (χ2 = 768.12, P <0.01). The main types of foreign bodies are seeds (55.73%) and peanuts (27.86%). Since 2007, the incidence of tracheal foreign bodies in preschool children in Bengbu has been decreasing year by year (χ2 = 145.78, P <0.01). Conclusion The occurrence of tracheal foreign bodies in preschool children in Bengbu shows a decreasing trend year by year. Boys, children under 3 and children in rural areas are the main targets for avoiding tracheal foreign bodies.