要了解西方伦理学,特别是十九世纪以来英美伦理学的争论,首先要了解义务论与功利论的对立。这一对立在今天的西方伦理讨论中仍占据着中心位置。在富特选编的《伦理学理论》中,包含了对支持或反对功利主义的广泛的分析。其中包括罗尔斯早年的文章《关于规则的两个概念》。在这篇文章中罗尔斯宣称支持功利主义。以后,在《正义论》中,罗尔斯又反对功利主义的理论,而采取了一种非常接近于康德义务理论的立场。但在最近出版的论文集《政治自由主义》中,罗尔斯不再强调发展一种广泛的、普遍适用的伦理方法,而更强调政治本质的问题。从罗尔斯身上我们看到,义务论与功利论之间不断的 To understand the western ethics, especially the debates between Anglo-American ethics since the 19th century, we must first understand the contradiction between the doctrine of obligation and that of utilitarianism. This opposition still occupies a central place in today’s discussion of Western ethics. In his anthology “Ethics Theories,” there is a broad analysis of support or opposition to utilitarianism. These include Rawls’s earlier article, “Two Concepts of Rules.” Rawls declared his support for utilitarianism in this article. Later, in The Theory of Justice, Rawls rejected the utilitarian theory again and took a position very close to Kant’s theory of obligation. But in the recently published essay “Political Liberalism,” Rawls no longer emphasizes the development of a broad, universally applicable ethical approach, but rather emphasizes the issue of the nature of politics. From Rawls we can see that there is constant between theory of obligation and utility theory