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在中国传统思想体系和文化脉络中,“道”既指自然万物生成本原、运动规律,也标示人类社会生存方式、伦理秩序的本体规定以及道德实践的总体原则;“德”既表明万事万物的自然本性,也涵指人们基于天道、人道基础上的自然本性之德和个体心性之德。“道”、“德”分别指称和对应于客观世界特别是伦理世界中的形上本原实体和人文价值理念。思想家们对二者意义的相互贯通及其辩证关系的寻究,孕育“道德”范畴并赋予其深厚的文化涵蕴,使其兼含伦理与德性、事实与价值的意义,奠基中国道德理性主义精神和文化的发展。作为本然性形上本体与应然德性价值相统一的“道德”范畴及其理念由此成为中国传统文化和伦理体系的思想精粹与核心范畴。
In the traditional Chinese ideological system and cultural context, “Tao” refers not only to the primitive and movement laws of nature, but also to the ontological rules of human existence, ethical order and the general principles of moral practice. It not only shows the natural nature of all things, but also refers to people based on Heaven, human nature and human nature based on the moral nature of the moral. “Dao ” and “De ” respectively refer to and correspond to the metaphysical entities and values of human values in the objective world, especially in the ethical world. The thinkers are trying to find out the meaning of each other and the dialectical relationship between them, giving birth to the category of “morality” and giving it a profound cultural connotation, which combines both ethics and virtue, facts and values, Moral rationalism and cultural development. The category of “morality” and its concept of unity as a natural ontological body and a reasonable moral body thus become the quintessence and core of the Chinese traditional culture and ethical system.