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中国监狱改革及其现代化建设必须正确处理好借鉴与继承的辩证关系。科学的态度是：一方面，要借鉴国外有效的监狱行刑制度和经验，特别是西方国家在现代化运动初期、中期，以及现代化完成之后，监狱所面临的种种困境，面对这些困境监狱所进行的一次又一次的改革，以及这些改革运动成功的经验和失败的教训，等等，对我国当前的监狱改革及其现代化建设将有很好的借鉴作用；另一方面，又要使中国传统的监狱行刑制度得到创造性继承，并加以发扬光大，如对罪犯的思想教育，劳动改造罪犯制度等。两者有机结合，共同服务于改造罪犯，预防和减少犯罪这一最终目标。
China’s Prison Reform and Its Modernization Must Correctly Handle the Dialectical Relationship between Reference and Inheritance. The scientific attitude is: on the one hand, we should draw lessons from the effective system and experience of prisons in our country, especially the plight faced by the prisons in the early, middle and modern stages of the modernization movement in the western countries, The reform one after another, as well as the successes and failures of these reforms, and so on will have a good reference for our current prison reform and its modernization. On the other hand, we must make the traditional prison in China The execution system has been creatively inherited and carried forward, such as the ideological education of criminals and the system of labor remoulding criminals. The two are organically integrated to jointly serve the ultimate goal of transforming criminals and preventing and reducing crime.