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1. annual [??nju?l]
? adj. 每年的;按年度计算的
But at the annual party conference he always made the right noises. 但在每年政党会议上，他总是随声附和。
What’s the total amount of your annual sales？ 你们每年的总销量是多少？
? n. 年刊;年鉴;一年生植物
His essay is copied from a college annual. 他的论文是从一本大学年刊上抄下来的。
Many garden plants are annuals. 许多观赏植物都是一年生的。
【试题链接】
What is the average ___ snowfall for this state？
Key： annual
2. witness [?wItnIs]
? vt. 当场见到;目击
I witnessed the traffic accident. 我目睹了那起交通事故。
The girl had no word for the sights she had witnessed. 这女孩无法形容她所目击的景象。
? vt. 为……作证;作证;证明
My wife will witness that I was at home all evening. 我妻子将会证明我整晚都呆在家里。
? n. [C] 目击者;见证人
I was a witness to their quarrel. 我是他们吵架时的目击者。
? n. [U， C] 证据;证言
She was punished for giving false witness. 她因作伪证受到惩处。
易混辨析
witness， look， see， watch与observe
这些动词均有“看”之意。witness指当场看见，亲眼目睹;look侧重指“看”的动作;see指看见;watch指用眼睛跟随某物，以便对每一个变化、运动等进行观察;observe侧重以客观的态度进行观察。
【试题链接】
Police have appealed for anyone who
___ the incident to contact them.
Key： witnessed
3. pause [p?：z]
? vi. 暂停;中止;踌躇
He had to pause to clear his throat. 他不得不停顿一下清清嗓子。
? n. [C] 暂停;中止
When we read the text， we should pay attention to sentence stress， pause and liaison. 读课文的时候，大家要注意句子的重音、停顿和连读现象。
? n. [U] 踌躇
Our advice gave pause to him. 我们的建议使他踌躇。
易混辨析
pause， break， rest与stop
这些名词均含有“中止;停止;休息”之意。pause指短暂的中断或停止，含有会再进行下去的意味;break是非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间的短暂休息;rest指统称的休息;stop是普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
【试题链接】
Here the speaker ___ to have a drink.
Key： paused
5. urge [?：d?]
? n. [C] 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求，冲动
He no longer has the urge to write letters to anybody. 他再也没有想要给任何人写信的欲望了。
I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. 我以前从未有过想学手语的冲动。
? vt. 催促;极力主张;驱策
It was already rather late， thus we decide to urge the customer. 已经相当晚了，所以我们决定催促客户。
She urged him to try the soup. 她力劝他去试试这个汤。
? vt. 极力主张;强烈要求
He urged all concerned to take an active part in the work. 他要求有关人员都积极参加这项工作。
? vt. 推进;驱策
Sometimes riders urge their horses on with whips. 骑手有时用鞭子策马前进。
He was urged by his conscience. 他受良心所驱使。
易混辨析
urge， persuade与convince
这些动词均有“劝说;劝导;劝诱”之意。urge语气强，指不断地、热情地规劝诱导;persuade是普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事;convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。 【试题链接】
He has ___ complete reform of the welfare system.
Key： urged
6. abandon [??b?nd?n] vt.
? 遗弃;抛弃
People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. 人们出国时常常丢下宠物不管，一走了之。
? 舍弃;丢弃
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使很多司机弃车步行。
? 中止;放弃
They had to abandon the match because of rain. 因为下雨，他们只好中止比赛。
? 陷入;沉湎于
abandon oneself to 陷入;沉湎于（某种情感）
He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望。
派生词
? abandoned adj. 被离弃的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的
The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 该弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。
? abandonment n. 离弃;遗弃;抛弃;放弃;中止
Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day’s competitions. 连绵阴雨致使翌日各项赛事被迫中止。
易混辨析
abandon， desert与give up
这些动词或词组均含“抛弃;放弃”之意。
abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的;desert着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味;give up普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
【试题链接】
Lack of money led to the ___ of this plan.
Key： abandonment
7. target [?tɑ：ɡIt] n.
? [C] 目标
The university will reach its target of 5，000 students next September.這所大学将于下个九月达到在校生5000人的目标。
? [C] 靶;靶子
The soldiers were banging away at the target. 士兵们不断地向靶子射击。
? [C] 攻击目标;批评对象
They bombed military and civilian targets. 他们轰炸了军事和民用目标。
He’s become the target for a lot of criticism recently. 他最近成了众矢之的。
? v. [vt] 把……作为攻击目标;把……作为批评的对象
The company has been targeted by animal right’s groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护组织批评的对象。
? v. [vt] 面向;把……对准（某群体）
The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 这个活动显然是针对青年人的。
易混辨析
target， aim， goal， purpose， object与objective
这些名词均有“目标;目的”之意。target指射击的靶，军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或嘲笑的目标;aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重指比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标;goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标;purpose普通用词，既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的，又指心中渴望要实现的目标;object强调因个人或需求而决定的目标、目的;objective与object基本同义，但语义更广泛，指具体或很快能达到的目的，也可指军事目标。
【试题链接】
The guidance systems didn’t work and the missile couldn’t hit its ___.
Key： target
8. reflect [rI?flekt] v.
? vi. 思考
reflect on / upon
I must reflect upon how to answer that question. 我必须思考一下如何答复那个问题。
? vt. 反映;映出（影像）
His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映照在镜子里。
? vt. 反射（声、光、热等）
The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。
? vt. 显示;表明;表达（事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等） Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。
派生词
reflection n.
? [C] 映像;映照出的影像;反射
His paintings often show some beautiful reflection of the trees in the lake. 他的画作经常描绘一些湖水中树木的美丽倒影。
? [C] 反映;显示;表达
Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。
? [U] 沉思;深思;审慎的思考
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. 经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
【试题链接】
This book is a ___ of the progress in Chinese society.
Key： reflection
9. aware [??we?] adj.
? 意识到的;知道的
aware of 知道;意识到;明白
He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。
? 察觉到;发觉;发现
They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他们突然意识到人们在瞧着他们。
? 对……有兴趣的;有……意识的
Young people are very environmentally aware. 年轻人的环保意识很强。
派生词
awareness n. 知道;认识;意识;兴趣
It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
【试题链接】
The campaign is designed to increase public ___ of the issues.
Key： awareness
10. scare [ske?（r）]
? vt. 恐吓
The fireworks will scare the animals. 烟火会吓着动物。
scare sb. / sth. away 把……吓跑
She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds away. 她动作很轻，不想把鸟儿吓走。
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁，恐吓某人做某事
Local businesses were scared into paying protection money. 当地商户迫于威胁缴纳了保护费。
scare sb. to death 吓死
Some horror movies may scare you to death. 有些恐怖电影能把你吓个半死。
? vi. 受惊吓
I don’t scare easily， you know. 要知道，我可不是那么容易被吓倒的。
派生词
scared adj. 惊恐的
We were scared that something terrible might happen. 我们害怕会发生可怕的事情。
be scared of 害怕……
She is scared of going out alone. 她不敢独自外出。
易混辨析
scare， alarm， frighten， startle与terrify
这些动词均有“惊吓;惊恐”之意。scare在非正式文体中可与frighten换用，但语气较重，侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在做的事或跑掉;alarm着重指某人意识到危险而突然产生的惊恐;frighten为普通用词，使用广泛，指产生突然、短暂的惊慌、恐怖感;startle强调突然使人惊骇或震惊;terrify语气最强，指惊骇得六神無主，魂飞魄散。
【试题链接】
Do one thing every day that ___ you.
Key： scares
11. drag [dr?ɡ]
? vt. 拖;拉;扯
He dragged the heavy case across the floor. 他在地板上拖着那个沉重的箱子。
Use your mouse to drag the pictures to their new size. 用鼠标拖动图片，将其调整为新的尺寸。
? vi. 拖拽;拖沓
The performance dragged. 表演不紧凑/拖沓。
易混辨析
draw， pull与drag
这些动词均含有“拖;拉”之意。draw指将东西慢慢、缓缓拉动，使其移动;pull是普通用语，指用力拉，与push 相对;drag指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西，意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。
【试题链接】
He got up and ___ his chair towards the table.
Key： dragged
12. neat [ni：t] adj.
? 整洁的;整齐的;有序的
She was wearing a neat black suit. 她穿着整洁的黑色礼服。
? 好的;极好的
It’s a really neat movie. 这真是一部极好的电影
派生词
? neatly adv. 整洁地;整齐地;有序地
The box fitted neatly into the drawer. 这盒子放在抽屉里正合适。
? neatness n. 整洁;干净
The grounds were a perfect balance between neatness and natural wildness. 这些庭园是整齐有序和天然粗放的完美结合。
易混辨析
neat， tidy， trim与orderly
这些形容词均有“整洁的”之意。neat 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐;tidy 侧重整齐，井然有序;trim 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观;orderly 语义
比上述几个词强，指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
【试题链接】
Sue had dressed herself ___ for work.
Key： neatly
? adj. 每年的;按年度计算的
But at the annual party conference he always made the right noises. 但在每年政党会议上，他总是随声附和。
What’s the total amount of your annual sales？ 你们每年的总销量是多少？
? n. 年刊;年鉴;一年生植物
His essay is copied from a college annual. 他的论文是从一本大学年刊上抄下来的。
Many garden plants are annuals. 许多观赏植物都是一年生的。
【试题链接】
What is the average ___ snowfall for this state？
Key： annual
2. witness [?wItnIs]
? vt. 当场见到;目击
I witnessed the traffic accident. 我目睹了那起交通事故。
The girl had no word for the sights she had witnessed. 这女孩无法形容她所目击的景象。
? vt. 为……作证;作证;证明
My wife will witness that I was at home all evening. 我妻子将会证明我整晚都呆在家里。
? n. [C] 目击者;见证人
I was a witness to their quarrel. 我是他们吵架时的目击者。
? n. [U， C] 证据;证言
She was punished for giving false witness. 她因作伪证受到惩处。
易混辨析
witness， look， see， watch与observe
这些动词均有“看”之意。witness指当场看见，亲眼目睹;look侧重指“看”的动作;see指看见;watch指用眼睛跟随某物，以便对每一个变化、运动等进行观察;observe侧重以客观的态度进行观察。
【试题链接】
Police have appealed for anyone who
___ the incident to contact them.
Key： witnessed
3. pause [p?：z]
? vi. 暂停;中止;踌躇
He had to pause to clear his throat. 他不得不停顿一下清清嗓子。
? n. [C] 暂停;中止
When we read the text， we should pay attention to sentence stress， pause and liaison. 读课文的时候，大家要注意句子的重音、停顿和连读现象。
? n. [U] 踌躇
Our advice gave pause to him. 我们的建议使他踌躇。
易混辨析
pause， break， rest与stop
这些名词均含有“中止;停止;休息”之意。pause指短暂的中断或停止，含有会再进行下去的意味;break是非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间的短暂休息;rest指统称的休息;stop是普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
【试题链接】
Here the speaker ___ to have a drink.
Key： paused
5. urge [?：d?]
? n. [C] 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求，冲动
He no longer has the urge to write letters to anybody. 他再也没有想要给任何人写信的欲望了。
I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. 我以前从未有过想学手语的冲动。
? vt. 催促;极力主张;驱策
It was already rather late， thus we decide to urge the customer. 已经相当晚了，所以我们决定催促客户。
She urged him to try the soup. 她力劝他去试试这个汤。
? vt. 极力主张;强烈要求
He urged all concerned to take an active part in the work. 他要求有关人员都积极参加这项工作。
? vt. 推进;驱策
Sometimes riders urge their horses on with whips. 骑手有时用鞭子策马前进。
He was urged by his conscience. 他受良心所驱使。
易混辨析
urge， persuade与convince
这些动词均有“劝说;劝导;劝诱”之意。urge语气强，指不断地、热情地规劝诱导;persuade是普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事;convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。 【试题链接】
He has ___ complete reform of the welfare system.
Key： urged
6. abandon [??b?nd?n] vt.
? 遗弃;抛弃
People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. 人们出国时常常丢下宠物不管，一走了之。
? 舍弃;丢弃
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使很多司机弃车步行。
? 中止;放弃
They had to abandon the match because of rain. 因为下雨，他们只好中止比赛。
? 陷入;沉湎于
abandon oneself to 陷入;沉湎于（某种情感）
He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望。
派生词
? abandoned adj. 被离弃的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的
The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 该弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。
? abandonment n. 离弃;遗弃;抛弃;放弃;中止
Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day’s competitions. 连绵阴雨致使翌日各项赛事被迫中止。
易混辨析
abandon， desert与give up
这些动词或词组均含“抛弃;放弃”之意。
abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的;desert着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味;give up普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
【试题链接】
Lack of money led to the ___ of this plan.
Key： abandonment
7. target [?tɑ：ɡIt] n.
? [C] 目标
The university will reach its target of 5，000 students next September.這所大学将于下个九月达到在校生5000人的目标。
? [C] 靶;靶子
The soldiers were banging away at the target. 士兵们不断地向靶子射击。
? [C] 攻击目标;批评对象
They bombed military and civilian targets. 他们轰炸了军事和民用目标。
He’s become the target for a lot of criticism recently. 他最近成了众矢之的。
? v. [vt] 把……作为攻击目标;把……作为批评的对象
The company has been targeted by animal right’s groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护组织批评的对象。
? v. [vt] 面向;把……对准（某群体）
The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 这个活动显然是针对青年人的。
易混辨析
target， aim， goal， purpose， object与objective
这些名词均有“目标;目的”之意。target指射击的靶，军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或嘲笑的目标;aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重指比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标;goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标;purpose普通用词，既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的，又指心中渴望要实现的目标;object强调因个人或需求而决定的目标、目的;objective与object基本同义，但语义更广泛，指具体或很快能达到的目的，也可指军事目标。
【试题链接】
The guidance systems didn’t work and the missile couldn’t hit its ___.
Key： target
8. reflect [rI?flekt] v.
? vi. 思考
reflect on / upon
I must reflect upon how to answer that question. 我必须思考一下如何答复那个问题。
? vt. 反映;映出（影像）
His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映照在镜子里。
? vt. 反射（声、光、热等）
The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。
? vt. 显示;表明;表达（事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等） Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。
派生词
reflection n.
? [C] 映像;映照出的影像;反射
His paintings often show some beautiful reflection of the trees in the lake. 他的画作经常描绘一些湖水中树木的美丽倒影。
? [C] 反映;显示;表达
Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。
? [U] 沉思;深思;审慎的思考
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. 经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
【试题链接】
This book is a ___ of the progress in Chinese society.
Key： reflection
9. aware [??we?] adj.
? 意识到的;知道的
aware of 知道;意识到;明白
He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。
? 察觉到;发觉;发现
They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他们突然意识到人们在瞧着他们。
? 对……有兴趣的;有……意识的
Young people are very environmentally aware. 年轻人的环保意识很强。
派生词
awareness n. 知道;认识;意识;兴趣
It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
【试题链接】
The campaign is designed to increase public ___ of the issues.
Key： awareness
10. scare [ske?（r）]
? vt. 恐吓
The fireworks will scare the animals. 烟火会吓着动物。
scare sb. / sth. away 把……吓跑
She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds away. 她动作很轻，不想把鸟儿吓走。
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁，恐吓某人做某事
Local businesses were scared into paying protection money. 当地商户迫于威胁缴纳了保护费。
scare sb. to death 吓死
Some horror movies may scare you to death. 有些恐怖电影能把你吓个半死。
? vi. 受惊吓
I don’t scare easily， you know. 要知道，我可不是那么容易被吓倒的。
派生词
scared adj. 惊恐的
We were scared that something terrible might happen. 我们害怕会发生可怕的事情。
be scared of 害怕……
She is scared of going out alone. 她不敢独自外出。
易混辨析
scare， alarm， frighten， startle与terrify
这些动词均有“惊吓;惊恐”之意。scare在非正式文体中可与frighten换用，但语气较重，侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在做的事或跑掉;alarm着重指某人意识到危险而突然产生的惊恐;frighten为普通用词，使用广泛，指产生突然、短暂的惊慌、恐怖感;startle强调突然使人惊骇或震惊;terrify语气最强，指惊骇得六神無主，魂飞魄散。
【试题链接】
Do one thing every day that ___ you.
Key： scares
11. drag [dr?ɡ]
? vt. 拖;拉;扯
He dragged the heavy case across the floor. 他在地板上拖着那个沉重的箱子。
Use your mouse to drag the pictures to their new size. 用鼠标拖动图片，将其调整为新的尺寸。
? vi. 拖拽;拖沓
The performance dragged. 表演不紧凑/拖沓。
易混辨析
draw， pull与drag
这些动词均含有“拖;拉”之意。draw指将东西慢慢、缓缓拉动，使其移动;pull是普通用语，指用力拉，与push 相对;drag指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西，意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。
【试题链接】
He got up and ___ his chair towards the table.
Key： dragged
12. neat [ni：t] adj.
? 整洁的;整齐的;有序的
She was wearing a neat black suit. 她穿着整洁的黑色礼服。
? 好的;极好的
It’s a really neat movie. 这真是一部极好的电影
派生词
? neatly adv. 整洁地;整齐地;有序地
The box fitted neatly into the drawer. 这盒子放在抽屉里正合适。
? neatness n. 整洁;干净
The grounds were a perfect balance between neatness and natural wildness. 这些庭园是整齐有序和天然粗放的完美结合。
易混辨析
neat， tidy， trim与orderly
这些形容词均有“整洁的”之意。neat 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐;tidy 侧重整齐，井然有序;trim 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观;orderly 语义
比上述几个词强，指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
【试题链接】
Sue had dressed herself ___ for work.
Key： neatly