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前言金属硅生产已有近一个世纪的历史,现在似乎是该对其生产工艺进行回顾的适当时候了。下面要进行的论述,不想给金属硅的工艺状况编年表,而是为其发展和改进提供某些方向。硅(Si)是用硅石和碳在电炉中生产的。这样简单的叙述使在实际操作期间遇到的许多难题难以理解。硅仅仅在1410℃时就熔化,而硅的氧化物(SiO_2)在1600℃以上熔化,还原过程则需要1775℃。这说明了为什么必须用电炉的原因;为了产品中不添加一定数量的杂质,就要达到和超过这一温度。可是,按照下列简单化学式,是生产不出来硅的:
Preface The history of metal silicon production for nearly a century now seems to be the right time to review its manufacturing process. The discussion to be made below does not want to chronograph the technological conditions of metal silicon, but rather provides some direction for its development and improvement. Silicon (Si) is produced in an electric furnace using silica and carbon. Such a simple narrative makes it difficult to understand many of the problems encountered during actual operation. Silicon melts only at 1410 ° C, whereas silicon oxide (SiO 2) melts above 1600 ° C and the reduction process requires 1775 ° C. This explains the reason why electric furnaces must be used; to achieve and exceed this temperature in order not to add a certain amount of impurities to the product. However, according to the following simple formula, is not produced out of silicon: