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研究依托千烟洲生态站,利用1998年建立的红壤稻田长期定位施肥试验,研究不同施肥处理对水稻土土壤碳及养分的影响。结果表明:①施用有机肥有利于提高土壤碳、氮、磷含量,土壤总有机碳(SOC)含量达到16.8 g·kg-1,全氮(TN)含量达到1.5 g·kg-1,速效氮(AN)含量达到153.8 mg·kg-1,速效磷(AP)含量达到43.3 mg·kg-1,而土壤速效钾(AK)含量仅达到23.0 mg·kg-1,低于施用化肥的各个处理;②施用氮、磷、钾肥减缓了红壤水稻土酸化趋势,显著增加土壤AP(12.3～47.1 mg·kg-1)、AK(22.3～54.5 mg·kg-1)含量;③秸秆还田可以提高稻田红壤SOC(10.8 g·kg-1)、TN(1.1 g·kg-1)含量。因此,建议在红壤稻田施入适量有机肥,提倡秸秆还田,提高土壤碳含量,同时配合施用钾肥,满足作物对养分的需求;化肥、有机肥施用量需要考虑其对水体氮、磷污染的潜在风险。
Based on the Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, this study used the long-term fertilization experiment of paddy field in red soil established in 1998 to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil carbon and nutrients in paddy soil. The results showed that: ①The application of organic manure was beneficial to increase the content of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, the soil total organic carbon (SOC) content reached 16.8 g · kg-1, the total nitrogen (TN) content reached 1.5 g · kg- (AN) content reached 153.8 mg · kg-1, the content of available phosphorus reached 43.3 mg · kg-1, while the content of available AK in soil reached only 23.0 mg · kg-1, which was lower than that of other treatments ; ②The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer slowed down the acidification tendency of paddy soils in the red soil, significantly increased soil AP (12.3-47.1 mg · kg-1) and AK (22.3-54.5 mg · kg-1) Paddy red soil SOC (10.8 g · kg-1), TN (1.1 g · kg-1) content. Therefore, it is advisable to apply appropriate amount of organic fertilizer in the red soil paddy so as to promote the return of straw to soil and increase the carbon content of the soil, and at the same time with the application of potassium fertilizer to meet the crop’s nutrient requirements. The application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers needs to consider their nitrogen and phosphorus pollution potential risks.