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本文应用细胞学鉴定和同功酶分析等方的,研究了栽培大麦与其近缘野生大麦之间的亲缘关系.同时结合它们的形态特征和生物学特性等方面的资料,讨论了栽培大麦的近缘野生种的分类系统问题.本文所列事实支持了把二棱野生大麦(Hordeum spontaneum C· Koch)作为真正的野生种,把六棱瓶型野生大麦、六棱无柄野生大麦和六棱裸粒野生大麦划为一个种,即六棱野生大麦〔H、agriocrithon (E. Abegr Shao)〕(以下分为三个变种)的观点.十九世纪四十年代末期以来,人们先后发现了栽培大麦(Hordaum vulgare L. )的近缘野生大麦.Koch (1848)在中东地区发现了碎穗二棱大麦(H. spontaneum C. Koch)〔18、20〕.后来,人们相续发现了它的三个变种,Var. ituaburense (Boiss) Nabelek, Var. ischnaturum (Cosson) Thell和Var. Proskowetzii Nabelek. Abeng (1938)间接地从我国西藏和四川西部找到了碎穗六棱大麦,命名为H. agriocrithon. E. Aberg 〔10,11〕. Bakhteyev (1956)在中亚发现了六棱瓶型野生大麦,命名为H· lagunculiforme Bakht〔12〕,他于1962 年把它归属于二棱野生大麦的一个变种〔13〕邵启全等(1975)〔1〕报道我国西藏和川西有广泛分布着以上野生大麦的同时,还报道了新发现的六棱裸粒野生大麦,H· agrioorithon Var. nudum shao.然而,人们对以上野生大麦做过不同的分类系统,彼此间分歧很大,归纳起来主要是:一把栽培大麦的所有近缘野生大麦都归于栽培大麦一个种内.〔4,14,15,16,17,21〕.二、把栽培大麦的近缘野生大麦分为三个不同的野生种,〔5,13,20〕即二棱野生大麦种,瓶型野生大麦种和六棱野生大麦种.三、把栽培大麦的近缘野生大麦分为两个不同的种〔2,3,11〕即二棱野生大麦种和六棱野生大麦种.以往对近缘野生大麦的分类主要依靠它们分布调查形态特征和杂交实验.本文则用栽培大麦及其各种近缘野生大麦为实验材料,用细胞学、生物化学等方法对供试材料进行了比较研究,同时,结合这些材料的形态和生物学特性等方面的资料探讨了栽培大麦与其近缘野生大麦的亲缘关系.
In this paper, the relationship between cultivated barley and its neighboring wild barley was studied by using cytological identification and isoenzyme analysis, etc.According to the morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of cultivated barley, The taxonomic system of the wild species is listed in this paper. The facts presented here support the use of Hordeum spontaneum C · Koch as a true wild species with hexagonal bottle-type wild barley, Wild barley is classified as one species, namely, H. agriocrithon (E. Abegr Shao) (divided into three variants). Since the late 1840s, it has been discovered that cultivated barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) .Koch (1848) found H. spontaneum C. Koch in the Middle East [18, 20]. Later on, people discovered three Abeng (1938) indirectly found six-rowed barley from China’s Tibet and western Sichuan, named H. agriocrithon. Var. Ituaburense (Boiss) Nabelek, Var. Ischnaturum (Cosson) Thell and Var. Proskowetzii Nabelek. E. Aberg [10,11]. Bakhteyev (1956) discovered a hexagonal bottle-type wild barley in Central Asia named H. lagunculiforme Bakht [12], who in 1962 assigned it as a variant of two-rowed wild barley [13 〕 Shao Qi Quan et al (1975) 〔1〕 reported that Tibet and western Sichuan are widely distributed above the wild barley, but also reported the newly discovered six-sided naked grain wild barley, H · agrioorithon Var. Nudum shao. However, people on the above Wild barley has done different taxonomic systems and is highly divergent from each other, largely as follows: All of the closely related wild barley cultivated in barley is included in one of the cultivated barley species. [4,14,15,16,17,21 Second, the barley of the wild relatives of barley is divided into three different wild species, [5,13,20] that two-sided wild barley species, bottle-shaped wild barley and hexagonal wild barley species. The related barley varieties of wild barley are divided into two different species [2,3,11], namely, two-rowed wild barley species and six-rowed wild barley species.The past classification of the closely related wild barley mainly depends on their distributional investigation of morphological characteristics and Hybridization Experiments This article uses cultivated barley and its various sources The test materials were comparatively studied by methods of cytology, biochemistry and other methods. At the same time, the relationship between cultivated barley and its neighboring wild barley was discussed based on the morphological and biological characteristics of these materials .