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为了评价宁波市镇海区新生儿接种乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗后的免疫效果 ,自 1990年起每年随机抽查 5 0～ 6 0名儿童检测接种后的乙肝病毒表面抗体 (抗 HBs)阳性率 ,并调查人群乙肝发病率。 1999年采用随机抽样的方法 ,用酶联免疫吸附试验对人群乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)携带率进行了调查。结果显示 :乙肝疫苗免疫后 ,儿童保护性抗 HBs的阳性率为 90 6 3% ,0～ 15岁儿童的乙肝发病率明显下降。HBsAg携带率呈下降趋势 ,儿童尤为明显 ,从接种前 4年平均阳性率 13 14 %下降到最近 4年的 0 39% ,下降了 97 0 3%。加强免疫和未加强免疫儿童的抗 HBs几何平均滴度 (GMT)和保护性抗 HBs的阳性率之间差异均有极显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =12 35 ,t =4 5 1;P均 <0 0 1)。说明新生儿实行乙肝疫苗接种可以取得良好的免疫效果 ,同时加强免疫对维持较高抗 HBs水平阳性率和GMT是有利的。
In order to evaluate the immune effect of newborns vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine in Zhenhai District of Ningbo City, 50 to 60 children were randomly selected to test the positive rate of HBsAg after vaccination since 1990, And investigate the incidence of hepatitis B in the population. In 1999, random sampling method was used to investigate the carrier rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that after hepatitis B vaccine immunization, the positive rate of protective anti-HBs in children was 90 6 3%, and the incidence of hepatitis B in 0-15-year-old children obviously decreased. HBsAg carrier rate showed a downward trend, especially in children, from the average positive rate of 4-14 years before inoculation dropped from 13 14% to 0 39% in the recent 4 years, a decrease of 97 0 3%. There was significant difference between the geometric mean anti-HBs titer (GMT) and the protective anti-HBs in children with or without intensive immunization (χ2 = 12 35, t = 451; P <0 0 1). Explanations of hepatitis B vaccination in newborns can achieve good immune effect, while boosting immunity to maintain high anti-HBs positive rate and GMT is beneficial.