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通过研究氯化钠溶液中磷酸盐在4种固体粒子（针铁矿、δ－氧化锰、伊利石和高岭石）上的交换等温线及钙对上述交换等温线的影响，发现磷酸盐液－固界面作用的台阶型等温线（2个台阶），可用分级离子／配位子交换等温式定量描述。钙能够促进磷酸盐在针铁矿和δ－氧化锰上的交换作用，其机理是交换在固体粒子上的钙再结合溶液中的磷酸盐，形成表面无机三元络合物。
The effects of exchange exchange isotherms and calcium on the exchange isotherms of 4 kinds of solid phosphates (goethite, δ-manganese oxide, illite and kaolinite) in sodium chloride solution were studied. It was found that the phosphate- Step-type isotherms (2 steps) that function as solid interfaces can be characterized by isothermal quantitation of fractional ion / ligand exchange. Calcium promotes the exchange of phosphate on goethite and δ-manganese oxide through the exchange of calcium on solid particles with phosphates in solution to form surface inorganic ternary complexes.