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用具有粘果山羊草(Ae. kotschyi)细胞质的1B/1R易位系转育成的K型小麦雄性不育系为基本材料,通过随体数目和C—显带技术鉴定了不育系、恢复系及其亲本的染色体组成,以中国春重双端体2t″1B和缺—四体1B°1D~Ⅳ与其杂交,观察了F_1减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体构型和C—显带特征。调查了有代表性的10个k型不育系及其中三个不育系与中国春重双端体2t″1B或缺—四体1B°1D~Ⅳ杂交F_1的单倍体诱导频率。结果表明,多数k型1B/1R不育系均可产生较高频率的单倍体,但不育系间差异很大,个别k型1B/1R不育系不产生单倍体,说明单倍体的产生除受1R短臂上的诱导单倍体基因作用外,还受其他基因的影响,同时也受父本基因型和染色体结构的影响,试验证明,1B染色体缺失或端体等非整倍体作为父本可以大大提高诱导单倍体的频率(接近70%),这种方法诱导产生的是单倍体种子,一般发芽正常,发育良好,在异质小麦育种方面具有重要实践意义。但由于这种单倍体均为孤雌生殖所致,应用受到一定限制,因此本文提出了如何应用的参考方案。
The male sterile line of K type with the 1B / 1R translocation line of Ae. Kotschyi cytoplasm was used as the basic material. The male sterile line was identified by the number of satellites and C-banding technique, The chromosome structure and C-banding characteristics of metaphase Ⅰ in F_1 meiosis were observed by crossing the chromosome 2T “1B and the lacking-tetras 1B 1D ~ IV of spring-thaw duplex in China. The frequency of haploid induction of two typical F1-K type CMS lines and three CMS lines in China with 2t ”1B or 2F-1BD-IVF-F1 hybrids was investigated. The results showed that most karyotypes of 1B / 1R male sterile lines could produce higher frequency haploid, but there was great difference between male sterile lines. Individual karyotype 1B / 1R male sterile lines did not produce haploid, indicating that haploid Besides the induction of haploid gene on the short arm of 1R, it is also affected by other genes as well as the genotype and chromosome structure of the paternal. Experiments have shown that the chromosome 1B is missing or the end body is not intact Ploidy as a male parent can greatly increase the frequency of haploid induction (nearly 70%). This method induces haploid seeds, which are normally germinated and well developed, and have important practical significance in heterogeneous wheat breeding. However, due to the haploid are parthenogenesis, the application is subject to certain restrictions, this paper presents how to use the reference program.